:::

| | | | | | 第 | | 筆

詳目顯示區塊

第 7 筆
| (以作者名查詢海洋大學圖書館館藏系統)
| (以作者名查詢全國圖書書目資訊網)
| (以作者名查詢全國博碩士系統)
論文名稱: | 吳郭魚攝食天然萃取物後血液特性與低溫耐受性之變化-貝類及一條根之影響
| Changes in blood characteristics and cold tolerance of tilapia fed extracts from natural source - shellfishes and I-Tiao Gungs
研究生: | 吳佳玲 Chia-Ling Wu
指導教授: | 孫寶年 Bonnie Sun Pan
學位類別: | 碩士
學校名稱: | 國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱: | 食品科學系
學號: | M94320026
畢業學年度: | 95
語文別: | 中文
關鍵字: | 吳郭魚 tilapia
| 低溫耐受性 cold tolerance
| 血液特性 blood characteristics
| 貝類 shellfishe
| 一條根 I-Tiao Gung
全文點閱次數: | 31

全文影像連結:

論文全文(pdf)

論文頁數: | 110
摘要: | 摘要
| 本研究以吳郭魚為模式動物探討攝食貝類、一條根萃取物後，魚之低溫耐受性的差異，期找出抗寒之有效物質及生理緊迫指標，供未來開發魚類抗寒飼料之參考，並以血液黏度、血球特性、血小板脂氧合酶活性作為魚體健檢之生理指標。
| 吳郭魚 (141.1 ± 24.0 g)飼料中添加2%之蜆 (FC)、花蛤 (SC)或牡蠣(OY)熱水萃取物，攝食三個月後 (實驗一)，於10小時內從24℃降至13℃，維持72小時，再於36小時內回溫至20℃，降溫期間每隔6 小時抽血一次，於回溫3天後，控制組存活率為33.3%，FC組為25.0%，SC組為12.5%，OY組顯著低於控制組為6.5% ( p<0.05)。吳郭魚飼料中添加2%蜆熱水萃取物或1%一條根乙醇萃取物 (GTE)，餵食吳郭魚 (117.4 ± 27.6 g) 9週後 (實驗二)，以緩慢降溫緊迫，期間為每12小時抽血一次，吳郭魚之存活率GTE組為76.8%，控制組66.8%及FC組56.8%，三組無顯著差異 (p>0.05)。吳郭魚 (115.3 ± 19.8 g)攝食FC組或GTE組之飼料3個月後 (實驗三)，從25℃直接轉移至15℃進行急速低溫緊迫，經過5小時後，再以1℃/h，降至12℃，維持80小時，GTE組之存活率為100%，FC組及控制組為66.7%，將吳郭魚移至21℃魚缸後，再於42小時內，緩慢回溫至24℃，GTE組存活率仍為100%顯著高於控制組58.3%及FC組50% ( p<0.05)。
| 水溫從24℃降至13℃，吳郭魚體色從原來的灰色變黑，活動力減弱，持續緊迫24~48小時後，體色恢復成原來的顏色，出現游泳不平衡、腹部朝上、靜置不動或平躺於缸底之情形，終至死亡，在回溫時，適應能力較好之吳郭魚則恢復正常體色及活動力，適應不良之吳郭魚，腹部接近白色或全身黑色躺於缸底，而後死亡。
| 控制組之吳郭魚受低溫緊迫後，血液流變性質之起始應力 (yield stress)增加，但黏稠度不變；紅血球數不變，血色素濃度、血比容積於13℃維持60小時開始下降，平均血球體積 (MCV)有下降之趨勢；紅血球細胞膜脂肪酸不飽和度增加；血糖濃度於回溫24小時後，顯著高於正常時，血漿滲透壓、膽固醇、蛋白質濃度有下降之趨勢；白血球數目變化不大，血小板脂氧合酶活性上升。
| 吳郭魚攝食天然萃取物後受低溫緊迫，花蛤組之表黏度 (apparent viscosity)、血液黏稠度 (consistency index)及紅血球數目及平均血色素濃度 (MCHC)顯著大於控制組；牡蠣組紅血球膜不飽和脂肪酸與飽和脂肪酸量之比值 (UFA/SFA)上升程度最低。蜆組低溫時表黏度及血液黏稠度顯著低於控制組，但回溫後則大於控制組，血糖濃度顯著高於控制組；貝類萃取物組受低溫緊迫後，血漿滲透壓皆低於控制組；一條根組血液流動之起始應力、血液黏稠度低於控制組，紅血球膜UFA/SFA及血糖濃度上升程度高於控制組，血小板5-, 12-, 15-脂氧合酶活性皆低於控制組。
| 貝類或一條根乙醇萃取物飼料皆具降低吳郭魚膽固醇之功效，抗寒效果以一條根最佳，吳郭魚可作為篩選天然物是否具抗寒能力之模式動物，其血小板脂氧合酶活性可作為魚類受低溫緊迫之生理指標 (biomarker)。
|
| Abstract
| The purpose of this study was to evaluate tilapia as an animal model to prescreen anti-cold stress bioactivities and to look for a biomarker to detect changes physiological caused by dietary intake of hot-water extract of a shellfish, freshwater clam (FC), short-necked clam (SC), oyster (OY) or 95% ethanol extract of I-Taio Gung (GTE) before using rodents or other mammalians as experimental animals.
| Tilapia (141.1 ± 24.0 g) fed 2% FC, SC, OY diet for 3 months (Experiment 1), then exposed to temperature decreased from 24℃ to13℃ at a rate of 1.1℃/h and maintained at 13℃ for 72 hours. The temperature was then recovered from 13℃ to 21℃ for 36 hours. Cumulative survival rate of the OY group was 6.5%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (33.3%). However, the survival rate of the FC group (25%), SC group (12.5%) and control group were not significantly different. Tilapia (117.4 ± 27.6 g) fed 2% FC or 1% GTE diet for 9 weeks (Experiment 2) exposed to the same cold stress as experiment 1, showed cumulative survival rate not significantly different (p>0.05) from the GTE group (76.8%), the FC group (56.8%) and the control group (66.8%). Tilapia (115.3 ± 19.8 g) fed 2% FC or 1% GTE diet for 3 months (Experiment 3), followed by transferring from 25℃ to 15℃ and immediately decreasing temperature within 3 hours from 15℃ to 12℃, the cumulative survival rate was 100% in GTE group significantly higher than that of the control (58.3%) and the FC (50%) groups.
| .  Fish exhibited a series of abnormal behavior; including imbalanced position, restlessness of movement, erratic swimming after 24 hours exposure to cold stress. When tilapia were exhausted, they were laterally recumbent on the bottom and had no opercula movement before they died.
| Tilapia fed control diet for 3 months before cold stress that the showed change in  blood rheological behavior indicated by increased yield stress, but unchanged in consistency index and red blood cell (RBC) counts while hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit reduced in 13℃ maintained 60 hours. Ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) of RBC membrane, plasma glucose and thrombocyte lipoxygenases increased after tilapia exposed to cold stress.
| Tilapia fed natural extracts of short-necked clam followed by exposure to cold stress, showed significantly higher blood apparent viscosity, consistency index, RBC counts, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than those of control group. UFA/SFA ratio of RBC membrane was the lowest in the OY group. Blood apparent viscosity and consistency index of the FC group were significantly lower than those of the control group during cold stress, but increased during temperature recovery. Plasma glucose of FC group was significantly higher than the control group during cold stress. Plasma osmolality of shellfish groups were lower than control diet. Yield stress and consistency index of blood rheological behavior in the GTE group were significantly lower than those of the control group. UFA/SFA ratios of RBC membrane and plasma glucose were higher than those of the control group. Thrombocyte lipoxygenases activity in the GTE group was lower than those of the control group without respect to normal condition or exposure to cold stress.
| Shellfish extracts and GTE all showed hypocholesterol effects in tilapia. In addition, GTE increased cold resistance in tilapia and thrombocyte lipoxgenases seemed to be good biomarkers for fish exposed to cold stress. Tilapia can serve as a surrogate animal model for prescreening anti-cold stress.
|
論文目次: | 目錄
| 中文摘要    i
| 英文摘要    iv
| 目錄    vi
| 圖目錄    ix
| 表目錄    x
| 附表目錄    x
| 縮寫表    xi
| 壹、前言    1
| 貳、文獻回顧    3
| 一、魚類受緊迫之生理變化    3
| 二、抗環境緊迫之有效物質    8
| 1. β-Glucan    9
| 2. Lactoferrin    10
| 3. Vitamins    11
| (1) Vitamin C    11
| (2) Vitamin E    12
| 4. 抗凍蛋白    12
| 三、脂氧合酶之特性與生理功能    13
| 四、蜆之生態及生理活性    15
| 五、一條根 (I-Tiao-Gung)之種類及生理活性    17
| 參、材料與方法    19
| 一、材料    19
| 1. 吳郭魚    19
| 2. 貝類萃取物    19
| 2.1. 蜆熱水萃取物    19
| 2.2. 牡蠣熱水萃取物    19
| 2.3 花蛤熱水萃取物    20
| 3. 一條根95%乙醇萃取物    20
| 4. 飼料之製備    21
| 二、比成長率 (Specific growth rate, SGR)之測定    21
| 三、低溫緊迫實驗    21
| 1. 實驗一：貝類萃取物組    21
| 2. 實驗二及實驗三：蜆及一條根萃取物組    22
| 3. 降溫速率    23
| 3.1. 緩慢降溫    23
| 3.2. 急速降溫    23
| 4. 存活率    23
| 四、血液分析    24
| 1. 採血    24
| 2. 血液流變性質之測定    24
| 3. 血液基本參數值之測定    25
| 3.1. 白血球個數 (white blood cell count, WBC)    25
| 3.2. 紅血球個數 (red blood cell count, RBC)    25
| 3.3. 血比容積 (hematocrit, Hct)    25
| 3.4. 平均血球體積 (mean corpuscular volume; MCV)    26
| 3.5. 血色素 (hemoglobin, Hb)濃度    26
| 3.6. 平均血色素濃度 (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCHC)    26
| 3.7. 紅血球之形態    26
| 4. 紅血球膜脂肪酸分析    27
| 4.1. 紅血球細胞膜分離    27
| 4.2. 棒狀薄層層析    27
| 4.3. 油脂定量    28
| 4.4. 微量甲酯化    28
| 5. 血漿生化數值分析    29
| 5.1. 血糖測定    29
| 5.2. 膽固醇測定    30
| 5.3. 血漿滲透壓之測定    30
| 6. 血漿脂氧合酶之測定    31
| 6.1. 粗酵素液製備    31
| 6.2. 蛋白質定量    31
| 6.3. 逆向高效液相層析法 (RP-HPLC)    31
| 五、 統計分析    32
| 肆、結果    33
| 一、吳郭魚攝食後之比成長率    33
| 二、吳郭魚攝食後之血液變化    35
| 三、吳郭魚緩慢降溫試驗    37
| (一) 行為改變    37
| (二) 存活率    38
| (三) 血液流變性    41
| 3.1. 起始應力    43
| 3.2. 血液黏稠度    43
| (四) 血液參數    47
| 4.1. 白血球數目    47
| 4.2. 紅血球數目    49
| 4.3. 血色素濃度    51
| 4.4. 血比容積    53
| 4.5. 平均血色素濃度    55
| 4.6. 平均血球體積    57
| (五) 紅血球型態變化    59
| 5.1. 紅血球外觀    59
| 5.2. 紅血球之長短軸    61
| (六) 紅血球膜脂質之脂肪酸組成    64
| (七) 血液生化指標    71
| 7.1. 血糖    71
| 7.2. 血漿膽固醇    73
| 7.3. 血漿滲透壓    75
| 7.4 血漿蛋白質    78
| (八) 血小板脂氧合酶活性    79
| 二、蜆及一條根抗急速降溫緊迫之行為變化與存活率    82
| 伍、討論    84
| 一、 攝食貝類及一條根萃取物對吳郭魚受低溫緊迫後行為之影響    84
| 1. 吳郭魚受低溫緊迫之行為變化    84
| 2. 貝類萃取物對吳郭魚受低溫緊迫行為反應之差異    84
| 3. 一條根萃取物對吳郭魚受低溫緊迫行為反應之差異    85
| 二、 吳郭魚攝食貝類及一條根萃取物對低溫緊迫後之生理影響    85
| 1. 貧血程度    86
| 2. 能量代謝    87
| 3. 病變    89
| 三、實驗條件造成之差異    90
| 陸、結論    93
| 柒、參考文獻    94
|
|
參考文獻: | 尾崎久雄。1987。血液化学検査による健康診断。魚の呼吸と循環。p.66。日本
| 水產學會編。恆星社厚生閣。日本。
| 尾崎久雄。1968。血液の生理。魚類生理学講座。綠書坊。p.43。日本。
| 何雲達。1995。貝類養殖 (三)蜆。台灣農家要覽漁業篇。p.252。豐年社。台北。
| 何敏夫。2002。貧血症及小球性貧血。血液學。p.73。合記圖書出版社。台北
| 周秉則。2004。升溫與氯化銨緊迫對吳郭魚血液之特性及血漿中脂氧合酶活性之影
| 響。國立台灣海洋大學食品科學研究所碩士論文。基隆。
| 林柏全。2005。蜆、文蛤與花蛤熱水抽出物對吳郭魚 (Oreochromis mossambicus)體外與體內低密度脂蛋白氧化之影響。國立台灣海洋大學食品科學研究所碩士論文。基隆。
| 林國泰。2005。蜆抽出物之抗氧化活性與其季節及產地之變動。國立台灣海洋大學食品
| 科學研究所碩士論文。基隆。
| 邱思魁、林國泰、孫寶年。2007。酵素水解與萃取條件對台灣蜆抗氧化性之影響。
| 台灣農業化學與食品科學。45:37-45。
| 柯裕仁。2003。一條根類藥材之鑑別及藥理活性研究。中國醫藥學院。中國藥學研
| 究所博士論文。台中。
| 秦任甲。1999。血液的流變性。血液流變學。p41。人民衛生出版社。北京。
| 陳冠丞。2002。闊葉大豆 (金門一條根) 之抗氧化特性及其有效多酚類化合物之分離。
| 國立台灣海洋大學食品科學研究所碩士論文。基隆。
| 陳翠瑶。2006。吳郭魚為動物模式評估一條根降血脂、降膽固醇功能及抗發炎與抗
| 環境緊迫之功能。國立台灣海洋大學食品科學研究所博士論文。基隆。
| 陳讚昌、廖國焱及巫文隆。1992。台灣蜆 (Corbicula fluminea)在本省之研究及展望。貝類學報。p. 37-49
| 廖靜伃。2004。蜆 (Corbicula fluminea) 萃取物及水解物對脂質氧化與脂氧合酶活性之影響。國立台灣海洋大學食品科學研究所碩士論文。基隆。
| 劉德樂。2003。低溫與氯化銨緊迫對吳郭魚血液之流變性、脂氧合酶及環氧合酶產
| 物之影響。國立台灣海洋大學食品科學研究所碩士論文。基隆。
| Adlercreutz, H., Fotsis, T. and Bannwart, C. 1986. Determination of urinary lignans and
| phytoestrogen metabolites, potential antiestrogens and anticarcingens, in urine of women on various habitual diet. J. Steroid Biochem. 25: 791-797.
| Adlercreutz, H., Honjo, H., Higashi, A., Fotsis, T., Hamalainen, E., Hasegawa, T. and
| Okada, H. 1991. Urinary excretion of lignans and isoflavone phytoestrogens in Japanese men and women consuming a traditional Japanese diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54: 1093-1100.
| Ai, Q., Mai, K., Tan, B., Xu, W., Zhang, W., Ma, H. and Liufu, Z. 2006. Effects of
| dietary vitamin C on survival, growth, and immunity of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. Aquaculture. In press.
| Akahori, A., Jozwiak, Z., Gabryelak, T. and Gondko, R. 1999. Effect of zinc on carp
| (Cyprinus carpio L.) erythrocytes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 123: 209-215.
| Akiyama, T., Ishida, J., Nakagawa, S., Ogawara, H., Watanabe, S., Itoh, N., Shibuya, M.
| and Fukami, Y. 1987. Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 5592-5595.
| Al-Qarawi, A.A., Mousa, H.M. 2004. Lipid concentrations in erythrocyte membranes in
| normal, starved, dehyrated and rehydrated camels (Camelus dromedarius), and in normal sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus). Journal of Arid Environments. 59: 675-683.
| Balm, P.H.M., Hovens, M.L.M. and Bonga, S.E.W., 1995. Endorphin and MSH in concert
| form the corticotropic principle release by tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus: Teleostei) melanotropes. Peptides 16: 463-469.
| Balment, R.J., Weybourne, W. L. E. and Warne, J. M. 2006. Arginine vasotocin a key
| hormone in Wsh physiology and behaviour: A review with insights from mammalian models. General and  Comparative Endocrinology. 147: 9-16.
| Barnhart, M.I., Wallace, M.A., Lusher, L.M., 1983. Red blood cells. In: Hodges, G.M.,
| Corr, K.E. (Eds.), Biomedical Research Applications of Scanning Electron Microscopy, vol. 3. Academic Press, New York, pp. 171–243.
| Barton, B.A. 2002. Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference    to change in circulating corticosteroids. Integ. Comp. Biol. 42:517-525.
| Barton, B.A. and Iwama, G.K. 1991. Physiological changes in fish from stress in
| aquaculture with emphasis on the response and the effects of corticosteroids. A. Rev. Fish Dis. 1:3-26.
| Bell, M.V., Dick, J.R., and Buda, C.S. 1997. Molecular speciation of fish sperm
| phospholipids: large amounts of dipolyunsaturated phosphatidylserine. Lipids 32; 1085.
| Berger, M., Schwarz, K.H., Thiele, I., Reimann, A., Huth, S., Borngraber, Kuthn, H.and
| Thiele, B.1998. Simultaneous expression of leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase and reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase in rabbits. J. Mol. Biol. 278: 935-948.
| Bonnet, C., Bertin, P., Cook-Moreau, J., Chable-Rabinovitch, H., Treves, R., and Rigaud,
| M. 1995. Lipoxygenase products and expression of 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein in human cultured synovial cells. Prostaglands. 50: 127-135.
| Bowden, L.A., Restall, C.J. and Rowley, A.F. 1996. The influence of environmental
| temperature on membrane fluidity, fatty acid composition and lipoxygenase product generation in head kidney leucocytes of the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 115: 375-382.
| Bradford, M.M. 1976. “A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram
| quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding” Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254.
| Brash, A.R. 1999. Lipoxygenases: occurrence, functions, catalysis, and acquisition of substrate. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 23679-23682.
| Britton, J.C. and Morton, B. 1982. Adissection guide, field and laboratory manual for the introduce bivalve. Corbicula fluea. Malacol. Rev. 3: 1-82.
| Carr, J.H. and Rodak, B.F. 2004. Clinical Hematologic Atlas. 2nd ed. Westline Industrial
| Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. p.1-10.
| Castell, J.D. and Tiews, K. 1980. Report of the EIFAC, IUNS and ICES Working Group
| on the standardization of methodology in fish nutrition research, EIFAC Technical Paper 36, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany. p.21-23. March.
| Charlier, C., Michaux, C. 2003. Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and
| 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) as a new strategy to provide safer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 38: 645-659.
| Chen, H.Y. and Yen, G..C. 1998. Free radicals, antioxidant defenaes and human health.
| Nutr. Sci. J. 23: 105-121.
| Chen, W.H., Sun, L.T., Tsai, C.L., Song, Y.L. and Chang, C.F. 2002. Cold-stress induced
| the modulation of catecholamines, cortisol, immunoglobulin M, and leukocyte phagocytosis in tilapia. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 126: 90-100
| Cooke, P.S., Selvaraj, V. and Yellayi, S. 2006. Genistein, estrogen receptors, and the
| acquired immune response.J. Nutr. 136: 704-708.
| Correa, S.A., Fernandes, M.O., Iseki, K.K. and Negrao, J.A. 2003. Effect of the
| establishment of dominance relationships on cortisol and other metabolic parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 36: 1725-1731.
| Dalmo, R.A., Ingebrigtsen, K. and Bogwald, J. 1997. Non-specific defence mechanisms in
| fish, with particular reference to the reticuloendothelial system (RES). J Fish Dis 20: 241-73.
| Das, P.C., Ayyappan, S., Jena, J.K. and Das, B.K., 2004. Acute toxicity of ammonia and
| its sub-lethal effects on selected haematological and enzymatic parameters of mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Aquacult. Res. 35: 134-143.
| Dusserre, E., Pulcini, T., Bourdillon, M.C., Ciavatti, M. and Berthezene, F. 1995.
| Omega-3 fatty acids in smooth muscle cell phospholipids increase membrane cholesterol efflux. Lipids. 30, 35–41.
| Ellis, R.J. 1999. The molecular chaperone concept. Cell Biol. 1: 1-9.
| Flik, G., Klaren, P.H.M., Van den Burg, E.H., Metz, J.R. and Huising, M.O. 2006. CRF and stress in fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.. 146: 36-44.
| Fracalossi, D.M., Allen, M.E., Yuyama, L.K. and Oftedal, O.T. 2001. Ascorbic acid
| biosynthesis in Amazonian fishes. Aquaculture 192: 321-332.
| Fujii, R.and Oshima, N. 1986. Control of chromatophore movements in teleost fishes.
| Zool. Sci. 3: 13-47.
| Funk, C.D. and Cyrus, T. 2001. 12/15-lipoxygenase, oxidative modification of LDL and atherogenesis. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 11: 116-124.
| Gill, T.S., Pande, J., Tewari, H., 1991. Haemopathological changes associated with
| experimental adicarb poisoning in fish (Puntius conchonius Ham.). Bull. Environ.    Contam. Toxicol. 47: 628-633.
| Gouillou-Coustans, M.F., Bergot, P. and Kaushik, S.J., 1998. Dietary ascorbic acid needs
| of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae. Aquaculture. 161: 453-461.
| Hadley, M.E. 1992. Endocrinology, London: Prentice-Hall International Inc. pp. 179-182.
| Harikrishnan, R., Nisha Rani, M., Balasundaram, C. 2003. Hematological and biochemical
| parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture. 221: 41-50.
| Hashimoto, M., Hossaina, S., Yamasaki, H., Yazawa, K. and Masumura, S. 1999. Effects
| of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Plasma Membrane Fluidity of Aortic Endothelial Cells. Lipids. 34: 1297-1304.
| Hay, D.W.P., Torphy, T.J. and Undem, B.J. 1995. Cysteinl leukotrienes in asthma: old mediators up to new tricks. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 16: 304-309.
| Hjelmeland, K., Christie, M. and Raa, J. 1983. Skin mucus protease from rainbow trout,
| Salmo gairdneri Richardson, and its biological significance. J. Fish Biol. 23: 13-22.
| Hsieh, S.L., Chen, Y.N. and Kuo, C.M. 2003. Physiological responses, desaturase activity,
| and fatty acid composition in milk (Chanos chanos) under cold acclimation. Aquaculture. 220: 902-918.
| Hsieh, S.L. and Kuo, C.M. 2005. Stearoyl–CoA desaturase expression and fatty acid
| composition in milkfish (Chanos chanos) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during cold acclimation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 141: 95-101.
| Iwama, G.K., Vijayan, M.M., Forsyth, R.B. and Ackerman, P.A. 1999. Heat shock
| proteins and physiological stress in fish. Am. Zool. 39: 901-909.
| Kawauchi, H. and Baker, B.I. 2004. Melanin-concentrating hormone signaling systems in
| fish. Peptides. 25: 1577-1584.
| Kubokawa, K., Watanabe, T., Yoshioka, M. and Iwata, M. 1999. Effects of acute stress on
| plasma cortisol, sex steroid hormone and glucose levels in male and female sockeye salmon during the breeding season. Aquaculture. 172: 335-349
| Lamas, J. and Ellis, A.E. 1994. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) neutrophil responses to
| Aeromonas salmonicida. Fish & Shellfish Immunol. 4: 201-19.
| Lee, S.M. and Pan, B.S. 2003. Effect of dietary sorghum distillery residue on
| hematological charateristics of culture grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)-An animal model for pre-screening antioxidant and blood thinning activities. J. Food Biochem., 27: 1-18.
| Lichtenstein, A. H. 1998. Soy protein, isoflavones and cardiovascular disease risk. J. Nutr.
| 128: 1589-1592.
| Lin, S.J., Lay, H.L., Wu, S.T. and Thseng, F.S. 2005. Contents of Certain Isoflavones in
| Glycine dolichocarpa, G. tabacina and G. tomentella Collected in Taiwan. J. Food
| Drug Anal. 13: 260-266.
| Magnadottir, B. 2006. Innate immunity of fish (overview). Fish & Shellfish Immunol.
| 20: 137-151.
| McMillan, R.M. and Walker, E.R.H. 1992. Designing therapeutically effective
| 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13: 323-330
| Meka, J.M. and McCormick, S.D. 2005. Physiological response of wild rainbow trout to
| angling: impact of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature. Fish Research. 72: 311-322.
| Mita, H.Y.Y., Taniguchi, N., Yasueda, H. and Shida, T. 1985. Increased activity of
| 5-lipoxygenase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from asthmatic patients. Life Sci. 37: 907-914.
| Morvan, C.L., Deschaux, P. and Troutaud, D. 1996. Effect and mechanisms of environmental temperature on carp (Cyprinus carpio) anti-DNP antibody response and non-specific cytotoxic cell activity: a kinetic study. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 20: 331-340.
| Nain, M., Gestetner, B., Bondi, A. and Birk, Y. 1976. Antioxidative and antihemolytic
| activity of soybean isoflavones. J. Agric. Food Chem. 22: 806-811.
| Nie, D., Hillman, G..G.., Geddes, T., Tang, K., Grignon, D.J., and Honn, K.V. 1998.
| Platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase in a human prostate carcinoma stimulates angiogeesis and tumor growth. Cancer Res. 58: 4047-4015.
| Ortuno, J., Esteban, M.A. and Meseguer, J. 2003. The effect of dietary intake of vitamins
| C and E on the stress response of giltheadseabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish & Shellfish Immunol.. 14:145-156.
| Owen, J.S., Bruckdorfer, K.R., Day, R.C. and McIntyre, N. 1982. Decreased erythrocyte
| membrane fluidity and altered lipid composition in human liver disease. J. Lipid Res. 23 : 124-132.
| Pai, J.K., Giegel, M.I., Egan, R.W. and Billah, M.M. 1988. Phospholipase D catalyzes
| phospholipid metabolism in chemotactic peptide-stimulated HL-60 granulocytes. J.
| Biol. Chem. 263, 12472-12477.
| Palic, D., Andreasen, C.B., Heroltc, D.M., Menzeld, B.W.and Roth, J. A. 2006.
| Immunomodulatory effects of β-glucan on neutrophil function in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 30: 817-830.
| Palic, D. Andreasen, C.B., Menzel, B.W. and Roth J.A. 2005. A rapid, direct assay to
| measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820) Fish & Shellfish Immunol.19: 217-227.
| Pan, B.S., Hsu, H., Chen, H.S. and Chen, H.M. 1999. Effects of α-tocopherol on
| lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of highly unsaturated fatty acid. in  Food for Health in the Pacific Rim, J.R. Whitaker, N.F. Haard, C.F. Shoemaker and R.P. Singh (Eds.), p. 76-85. Food & Nutrition Press, Inc. Trumbull, Ct. USA.
| Pan, B. S., Kao, Y.Y., Chen, T.Y. and Liu, Y.C. 2005. Anti-oxidative and
| anti-inflammatory activities of two different 2 species of a Chinese herb I-Tiao-Gung. Life Sci. 77: 2830-2839.
| Pankhurst, N.W. and Van der, K. 1997. Effects of stress on reproduction and growth of
| fish. In Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture (G. K. Iwama, A. D. Pickering, J. P. Sumpter & C. B. Schreck, eds) pp. 73-93. Cambridge: Society for Experimental Biology.
| Plekhanov, A.Y. 1999. Rapid staining of lipids on thin-layer chromatograms with amido
| black 10B and other water-soluble stains. Anal. Biochem. 271, 186-187.
| Riche, M. 2007. Analysis of refractometry for determining total plasma protein in hybrid
| striped bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis) at various salinities. Aquaculture 264; 279-284.
| Roche, H. and Boge, G.. 1996. Fish blood parameters as a potential tool for identification
| of stress caused by environmental factors and chemical intoxication. Mar. Environ. Res. 41: 27-43.
| Samuelsson, B. 1991. Arachidonic acid metabolism: role in inflammation. J. Rheumatol.
| 50: 3-6.
| Samuelsson, B. and Funk, C. D. 1989. Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of
| leukotriene A4. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 19469-19472.
| Samuelsson, B., Dahlen, S.K., Lindgren, J.A., Rouzer, C.A. and Serhan, C.N. 1987.
| Leukotrienes and lipoxins: structures, biosynthesis and biological effects. Sci. 220: 568-575.
| Shyu, J.F. and Pan, B.S. 1993. Influence of dietary vitamin E on the content of vitamin E
| in blood plasma, ovary tissue and on hemolysis of cultured female grey mullet (Mugi cephalus). J. Food Drug Anal. 1: 155-163.
| Siang, H.Y., Yee, L.M. and Seng, C.T. 2007. Acute toxicity of organochlorine insecticide
| endosulfan and its effect on behaviour and some hematological parameters of asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus, Zuiew). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. In press.
| Spector, A.A.,Gordon, J.A. and Moore, S.A. 1988. Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids
| (HETES). Prog. Lipids. 27: 271-323.
| Sriwastava, U.M.S., Srivastava, D.K., 1985. Effect of urea stress on fish. In: Trivedy,
| R.K., Goel, K. (Eds.), Current Pollution Researches in India. Environmental
| Publication, Karad, India.
| Stuart, J. 1988. Erythrocyte deformability, Clinical Blood Rheology, Vol.1, ed. by G. D. O.
| Lowe, CRC Press, Boca Ration Florida. p.65-86.
| Stillwell, W. and Wassall, S.R. 2003. Docosahexaenoic acid: membrane properties of a
| unique fatty acid. Chem. Phys. Lipids 126; 1-27.
| Sun, L.T., Chen, G..R. and Chang, C.F. 1995. Acute responses of blood parameters and
| comatose effect in salt-acclimated tilapias exposed to low temperatures. J. Therm. Biol. 20: 299-306.
| Tedesco, I., Russo, M., Russo, P. and Iacomino, G. 2000. Antioxidant effect of red wine polyphenols on red blood cells. J. Nutr. Biochem. 11: 114-119.
| Tort, L., Sunyer, J.O., Gomez, E. and Molinero, A. 1996. Crowding stress induces
| changes in serum haemolytic and agglutinating activity in the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathololgy 51: 179-188.
| Trujillo, O., Vanezis, P. and Cermignani, M., 1996. Photometric assessment of skin colour
| and lightness using a tristimulus colorimeter: reliability of inter and intra-investigator observations in healthy adult volunteers. Forensic Sci. Int. 81: 1-10.
| Tsukamoto, C., Shimada, S., Igita, K., Kudou, S., Kokubun, M., Okubo, K. and Kitamura, K. 1995. Factors affecting isoflavone content in soybean seeds: changes in isoflavones, saponins, and composition of fatty acids at different temperatures during seed development. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 1184-1192.
| Van Weerd, J.H. and Komen, J. 1998. The effects of chronic stress on growth in fish: a
| critical appraisal. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.. 120: 107-112.
| Varsamos, S., Flik, G.., Pepin, J. F., Bonga, S.E.W. and Breuil, G.. 2006. Husbandry stress during early life stages affects the stress response and health status of juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Fish & Shellfish Immunol. 20: 83-96.
| Vijayan, M.M. and Moon, T.W. 1994. The stress response and the plasma disappearance
| of corticosteroid and glucose in a marine teleost, the sea raven. Can. J. Zool.
| 72:379-386.
| Virmani, J., Johnson, E.N., Klein-Szanto, A.J.P. and Funk., C.D. 2001. Role of
| “platelet-type” 12-lipoxygenase in skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 162: 161-165.
| Vonck, A.P.M.A., Bonga, S.E.W. and Flik, G. 1998. Sodium and calcium balance in
| Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus raised at different salinities. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 119: 441-449.
| Wang, W.P., Iigo, M., Sato, J., Sekine, K., Adachi, I. and Tsuda, H. 2000. Activation of
| intestinal mucosal immunity in tumorbearing mice by lactoferrin. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 91: 1022-1027.
| Wilson, R.S. and Johnston, I.A. 2004. Combining studies of comparative physiology and
| behavioural ecology to test the adaptive benefits of thermal acclimation. International Congress Series. 1275: 201- 208.
| Wodtke, E. and Cossins, A.R. 1990. Rapid cold-induced Changes of membrane order and
| Δ9-desaturase activity in endoplasmic reticulum of carp liver: a time course study of t hermal accilimation. Bioc him. Biop hys. Acta. 1064:343-350.
| Wu, S.M., Hwang, P.P., Hew, C.L. and Wu, J.L. 1998. Effect of Antifreeze Protein on
| Cold Tolerance in Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) and Milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal). Zool. Stud. 37: 39-44.
| Yin, Z., Lam, T.J., and Sin, Y.M. 1995. The effects of crowding stress on the non-specific
| immune response in fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish & Shellfish Immunol. 5:
| 519-529.
| Yokoyama, S., Koshioa, S., Takakurac, N., Oshidac, K., Ishikawa, M., Francisco, J.G.C.
| and Teshima, S. 2005. Dietary bovine lactoferrin enhances tolerance to high temperature stress in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture. 249: 367- 373.
| Zhao, L. and Funk, C.D. 2004. Lipoxygenase pathways in atherogenesis. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 14: 191-195
|

|

預覽及輸出檢索結果

記錄

欄位

| 本頁 1 筆
| 記錄 7 至 26
| 選擇之記錄

| 標題
| 全部欄位
| selected fields new window
| APA Style
| Chicago Style
| MLA Style
| CNS-13611 Style
| EndNote Style

e-mail 地址 | : |
e-mail 標題 | : |

| | |

系統規劃：海洋大學圖書館
系統製作：飛資得資訊有限公司

2009 年 11 月 22 日 23:17