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論文名稱: | 一條根乙醇萃取物及異黃酮對於吳郭魚抗寒之影響
| The effect of I-Tiao-Gung 95% EtOH extract and isoflavone on Tilapia during cold stress
研究生: | 郭玲君 Ling-Jiun Kuo
指導教授: | 孫寶年 Bonnie Sun Pan
學位類別: | 碩士
學校名稱: | 國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱: | 食品科學系
學號: | M96320031
畢業學年度: | 98
語文別: | 中文
關鍵字: | 一條根
| 異黃酮
| 吳郭魚
| 抗寒
全文點閱次數: | 2
全文影像連結: | | (本論文20130729開放校外瀏覽)
| 論文全文(pdf)

論文頁數: | 90
摘要: | 大豆屬一條根 (Glycine tomentella) 民間視為具有鎮痛解熱、舒經活血等功效。95% 乙醇萃取物 (GTE) 已證實具有抑制 5-脂氧合酶、12-脂氧合酶、15-脂氧合酶 及環氧合酶-2 等發炎酵素活性、降血脂及延緩 LDL 氧化、調節發炎反應等功能，並且能吳郭魚攝食 GTE 後受緊迫時，能使魚體維持在較正常的生理狀態。GTE 中含有 daidzein、daidzin、malnoyldaidzin、genistein 及 glycitin 等異黃酮。於飼料中添加 1 % 的 GTE 及大豆異黃酮 (ISO)，餵食莫山比克吳郭魚及尼羅河吳郭魚 14 天，評估其對吳郭魚抗寒之功效。
| 攝食一條根飼料吳郭魚，於降溫前紅血球數會增加，攝食異黃酮飼料僅於莫山比克吳郭魚中觀察到血漿滲透壓下降。降溫試驗水溫由 25.7 ℃ 於 24 h 內降至 14~13 ℃，持續四天後，自然回溫。低溫時吳郭魚開始停止進食，移動速度緩慢，魚體色變黑，出現深色條紋，且會沉在缸底，或是聚集於缸壁等行為，隨著低溫的時間延長，第三天開始出現游泳不平衡，或是翻肚等現象。外觀會出現白色棉絮狀斑點，或是爛鰭等情形。由累計死亡率觀察，莫山比克吳郭魚以一條根組累計死亡率最低 (0%)，其次為異黃酮組 (20%)，最高為控制組 (33.33%)；尼羅河吳郭魚則以異黃酮組最低 (27.27%)，其次為一條根組 (36.36%)，最高為控制組 (40%)。
| 異黃酮飼料可使莫山比克及尼羅河吳郭魚受低溫緊迫時維持血比容積；莫山比克吳郭魚於低溫期間血糖較穩定，且於降溫期間，使血色素略為上升，並且顯著高於控制組；三酸甘油酯也維持在較高的濃度。一條根飼料可使莫山比克吳郭魚及尼羅河吳郭魚於低溫初期有的血糖濃度較高。
| 兩種飼料於回溫後，皆可減少存活吳郭魚體表長棉絮狀白斑及爛鰭之情形，並且以一條根效果較好。
| 餵食吳郭魚一條根或異黃酮飼料 14 天可改善莫山比克及尼羅河吳郭魚抗寒並且減少回溫後存活魚隻體表長棉絮狀白斑及爛鰭之情形。
|
論文目次: | 中文摘要    I
| 英文摘要    III
| 目錄    V
| 圖目錄    VIII
| 表目錄    X
| 壹、前言    11
| 貳、文獻回顧    13
| 一、魚類受緊迫之生理變化    13
| 1. 魚類受緊迫之反應    13
| 2. 魚類血液及生理之變化    15
| 二、一條根及其萃取物之生理活性    16
| 1. 一條根來源    16
| 2. 一條根成分及其生理活性    17
| 三、異黃酮    18
| 1. 異黃酮之來源與結構    18
| 2. 異黃酮之生理活性    20
| 參、實驗架構    22
| 肆、材料與方法    23
| 一、材料    23
| 1. 莫三比克吳郭魚 (Oreochromis mossambicus)    23
| 2. 尼羅吳郭魚 (Oreochromis niloticus)    23
| 3. 闊葉大豆屬一條根 95% 乙醇萃取物 (GTE)    23
| 4. 大豆異黃酮    24
| 二、方法    24
| 1.飼料製備    24
| 2. 飼料一般成分分析    26
| 4.採血    26
| 5. 血液基本參數測定    27
| 5.1 血液抹片    27
| 5.3血紅素濃度測定    27
| 6. 血漿生化指標    28
| 6.1 血糖    28
| 6.2 三酸甘油酯    28
| 6.3 總膽固醇    29
| 6.4 α-tocopherol    30
| 7. 低溫緊迫試驗    32
| 8. 統計分析    32
| 伍、結果討論    33
| 1. 體重及血液參數變化    33
| 2. 低溫緊迫試驗    40
| 2.1 外觀及行為改變    40
| 2.2 累計死亡率    41
| 2.3 血液參數    44
| 2.3.1 血漿滲透壓    44
| 2.3.2 血比容積    47
| 2.3.3 紅血球數目    51
| 2.3.4 血色素濃度    55
| 2.4 血漿生化指標    58
| 2.4.1 血糖    58
| 2.4.3 三酸甘油酯    66
| 陸、結論    79
| 柒、參考文獻    80
|
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2011 年 10 月 27 日 22:46