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論文名稱: | 水解小球藻對活性物質釋放之影響
| Effect of hydrolysis on bioactive compounds released from hydrolysate of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana
研究生: | 楊子靚 Tzu-Ching Yang
指導教授: | 孫寶年 Bonnie Sun Pan
學位類別: | 碩士
學校名稱: | 國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱: | 食品科學系
學號: | M97320043
畢業學年度: | 98
語文別: | 中文
關鍵字: | 小球藻
| 台灣蜆
| 水解
| 酚類化合物
| 植物固醇
全文影像連結: | | (本論文20130729開放校外瀏覽)
| 論文全文(pdf)

論文頁數: | 81
摘要: | 小球藻之生理功效已陸續被發現，但其細胞壁結構複雜，不易被消化吸收，降低了應用價值，若可以微細化小球藻，破壞其細胞壁，將有助於活性物質之釋放。小球藻為蜆的食物之一，推測蜆應具有消化小球藻之酵素，以蜆之消化酵素對照商用酵素水解小球藻，做為酵素微細化小球藻之參考。
| 蜆消化腺酵素於 pH 7.0、40℃ 水解小球藻有最高活性，且具有多種醣酶之活性，其中包含中性 amylase (pH 7.0)；酸性 cellulase 於pH 5.0 有最大活性峰及鹼性 cellulase (pH 9.0)；laminarinase 於 pH 5.0-7.0 有最大活性峰、且 pH 9.0 有活性肩峰；pectinase 於 pH 5.0 有最大活性峰，另於 pH 3.0 與 8.0 有活性肩峰及 xylanase 於 pH 5.0 有最大活性峰，其次在 pH 3.0，另外在 pH 8.0 有活性肩峰；亦具有酸性 (pH 2 - 3) 及鹼性 (pH 8.0) 兩種蛋白酶，酸性蛋白酶活性約為鹼性蛋白酶的 7.2 倍。
| 以蛋白酶 (protease N) 水解已破壁小球藻可得最高之產製率 (51.77%)。以蛋白酶水解未破壁小球藻最高之可溶性蛋白質含量 (57.3 mg/g)，其次為脂解酶及半纖維素酶，可溶性蛋白質含量分別為 33.2 mg/g 及 28.8 mg/g。分別以脂解酶或半纖維素酶，水解未破壁或已破壁小球藻，其水解物之酚類含量相對較高。
| 以物理性微細化小球藻較酵素性水解小球藻，得較高之固醇萃取率，經物理性微細化之小球藻後，在以酵素水解之，可提高活性固醇 β-sitosterol 之萃取量，以半纖維素酶水解效果最佳，可增加 38.5%。
|
論文目次: | 摘要    i
| Abstract    iii
| 壹、    前言    1
| 貳、    文獻回顧    3
| 一、    小球藻 (Chlorella)    3
| 二、    蜆濾食之狀況    8
| 參、    實驗架構    10
| 肆、    材料方法    11
| 一、    材料    11
| 1.    小球藻 (Chlorella sorokiniana)    11
| 2.    台灣蜆 (Corbicula fluminea)    11
| 二、    方法    11
| 1.    蜆粗酵素液之製備    11
| 2.    酵素活性之測定    12
| 2.1.    醣酶最適作用 pH    12
| 2.2.    蛋白酶最適作用 pH    13
| 2.3.    最適作用溫度    14
| 3.    小球藻水解物之製備    14
| 4.    破壁指標    14
| 4.1.    醣含量測定    14
| 4.2.    游離胺基酸含量測定    15
| 4.3.    可溶性蛋白質定量    15
| 4.4.    總多酚化合物含量測定    15
| 4.5.    植物固醇分析    16
| 4.5.1.    皂化    16
| 4.5.2.    衍生化    17
| 4.5.3.    薄層層析 (thin layer chromatography, TLC)    17
| 4.5.4.    氣相質譜 (GC/MS) 分析    17
| 5.    統計分析    18
| 伍、    結果討論    19
| 一、    蜆之消化酵素與種類    19
| 1.    型態    19
| 2.    醣酶    21
| 3.    蛋白酶    30
| 二、    以商用酵素模擬蜆消化小球藻    31
| 1.    產製率及固形物    31
| 2.    還原糖    34
| 3.    總醣    39
| 4.    可溶性蛋白質與游離胺基酸    41
| 三、    商用酵素與蜆消化酵素對功能成分萃取之比較    44
| 1.    總酚    44
| 2.    植物固醇    48
| 陸、    結論    63
| 一、    建議有效之破壁方法    63
| 柒、    參考文獻    65
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2011 年 10 月 27 日 22:46