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論文名稱: | 臺灣蜆生物活性物質受濾食微藻之影響
| Effects on bioactive substances of freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) fed with microalgae
研究生: | 李汶 Wen Li
指導教授: | 孫寶年 Bonnie Sun Pan
學位類別: | 碩士
學校名稱: | 國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱: | 食品科學系
學號: | M98320009
畢業學年度: | 98
語文別: | 中文
關鍵字: | 蜆
| 微藻
| 脂肪酸
| 固醇
全文點閱次數: | 3
全文影像連結: | | (本論文20130723開放校外瀏覽)
| 論文全文(pdf)

論文頁數: | 84
摘要: | 本實驗以商用苗料、小球藻之單一藻種藻粉與臺灣蜆池中分離出之小球藻餵食臺灣蜆，探討臺灣蜆濾食不同種之微藻後，蜆之成長率及功效成分 (不飽和脂肪酸、固醇、葉綠素與胡蘿蔔素等) 之變化。
| 蜆濾食餌料一個月，濾食淡水類微藻之蜆增重率皆顯著提高，而濾食海水微藻則顯著降低蜆之生長。不論在 20-22℃ 與 25-26℃，蜆濾食淡水未破壁微藻均可使增重率上升，且存活率較高。發現未破壁微藻葉綠素顯著高於破壁微藻，蜆濾食未破壁微藻之葉綠素含量亦顯著高於濾食破壁微藻。四種藻類餌料皆以PUFA為主 (41.05-48.69%)，商用苗料含有最低的 PUFA 含量 (29.18%)，致蜆濾食商用苗料亦有最低的 PUFA 含量 (24.10%)。EPA 含量以海水微藻最高 (39.11%)，蜆濾食海水微藻後其 EPA 含量最高 (7.91%)。蜆主要脂肪酸組成為 C16:0 (82.39 - 144.47 mg/g)，其次為 C16:1 (32.73 - 57.43 mg/g) 與 C18:1 (21.13 - 37.17 mg/g)。鑑定餌料固醇種類得知，未破壁微藻鑑定出鯊烯 (squalene)、ergosterol、campesterol、cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol、brassicasterol 與5-ergost-7-ene，破壁微藻鑑定出之固醇種類較少，僅有 ergosterol 與stigmasterol，得知破壁過程使固醇含量減少以致無法偵測。海水微藻與商用苗料固醇均以 cholesterol (3-cholest-5-ene) 為主。蜆主要固醇為 cholesterol，另有二種未知固醇。
| The objective of the study was to compare the growth rate and bioactive substances (fatty acids, sterols, chlorophyll and total carotene) of freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) fed with commercial feed, commercial microalgae powder, pure Chlorella pyrenoidosa isolated from the clam culture pond. After feeding for month, the growth rates of freshwater clam fed with freshwater microalgae was significantly higher than those fed with marine microalgae, which significantly decreased the growth rate of clam. Regardless of the season, the unpulverized freshwater microalgae (UFM) fed to clam increased the body weight and reduced the mortality rate. The content of chlorophyll in UFM was significantly higher than the pulverized freshwater microalgae. The clam fed with UFM also had higher chlorophyll content (2.62g/g) than clam fed with feeds ranging 2.09 t0.77 g/g. The origin, species and size of microalgae fed to clam affected the content of chlorophyll and total carotene in freshwater clam. The main fatty acids of microalgae were polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (41.05-48.69% lipid), the commercial feed had the lowest content of PUFA (29.18% lipid), and the clam fed on it also had the lowest PUFA (22.65% lipid). The marine microalgae and clams fed on it had the highest content of EPA. Therefore, clam composition of fatty acids was changed by feeds. The major fatty acid in clams were C16:0 (30.14-35.35% lipid), C16:1 (11.70-13.11% lipid) and C18:1 (7.86-8.48% lipid). The sterol in UFM was squalene、ergosterol、campesterol、cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol、brassicasterol.
論文目次: | 中文摘要    I
| 英文摘要    II
| 表目錄    V
| 圖目錄    VI
| 壹、前言    1
| 貳、文獻回顧    4
| 一、淡水蜆    4
| （一）蜆的生活與攝食方式    4
| （二）蜆之濾食選擇    5
| （三）蜆之生理功能    5
| 二、小球藻    7
| （一）小球藻的分類    7
| （二）小球藻之生理活性物質    7
| 1. 葉綠素 (Chlorophyll)    8
| 2. 綠藻成長因子 (Chlorella growth factor, CGF)    9
| 3. 不飽和脂肪酸 (Unsaturated fatty acids, UFA)    9
| 4. 植物固醇 (Phytosterol)    13
| 參、材料與方法    15
| 一、材料    15
| （一）淡水蜆 (Corbicula fluminea)    15
| （二）微藻藻粉    15
| （三）蛋白核小球藻 (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)    15
| 三、方法    17
| （一）未破壁微藻的培養    17
| 1. 培養液的配製    17
| 2. 藻種培養    17
| （二）餌料型態之鏡檢    19
| （三）餌料成分分析    19
| 1. 一般成分    19
| 2. 葉綠素與總類胡蘿蔔素含量分析    21
| （四）蜆飼養條件之確立    21
| （五）脂溶性物質萃取    23
| （六）脂肪酸與固醇類萃取    23
| （七）脂肪酸氣相層析與鑑定    24
| （八）統計方法    25
| （九）固醇類分析與鑑定    26
| 1. 固醇類衍生化    26
| 2. 氣相質譜 (GC/MS) 分析    26
| 肆、結果與討論    27
| 一、餌料形態    27
| 二、餌料一般成分    29
| 三、餌料對蜆生長狀態之影響    30
| 四、餌料與蜆脂溶性萃取物之含量    33
| 五、餌料葉綠素之萃取量    34
| (一) 以甲醇萃取葉綠素之影響    34
| (二) 界面活性劑 Triton 對萃取之影響    34
| 六、蜆濾食五種餌料葉綠素與總類胡蘿蔔素含量之差異    37
| (一) 色素於蜆體內蓄積之含量    37
| (二) 濾食後一日蜆之色素排出量    38
| 七、餌料脂肪酸含量    40
| 八、濾食微藻後蜆脂肪酸含量之變化    44
| 九、非皂化物之鑑定-固醇    48
| 十、由MS之質譜片段推測UNKNOWN COMPOUNDS    50
| 伍、結論    76
| 陸、參考文獻    78
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2011 年 10 月 27 日 22:45