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論文名稱: | 褐藻膠裂解酶 palIII 基因轉殖至乳酸菌表現與純化以及生化特性與水解褐藻膠所得寡醣之生理活性探討
| Studies on Cloning and Expression of Alginate Lyase palIII Gene to Lactococcus lactis NZ3900, Purification of Alginate Lyase rpalIII, and Its Biochemical Properties, and the Bioactivities of Oligosaccharides Hydrolyzed from Alginate
研究生: | 胡芳瑄 Fang-Hsuan Hu
指導教授: | 潘崇良 Chorng-Liang Pan
學位類別: | 碩士
學校名稱: | 國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱: | 食品科學系
學號: | 19932048
畢業學年度: | 100
語文別: | 中文
關鍵字: | 褐藻膠
| palIII 基因
| 乳酸菌
| 寡醣
全文影像連結: | | (本論文20150730對校內公開)
| 論文全文(pdf)

論文頁數: | 119
摘要: | 本研究目的在探討 alginate lyase palIII 之 palIII基因構築至乳酸菌表現系統 (nisin controlled expression system, NICE) 之 pNZ8149載體上，以電穿孔轉殖至 Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 中，測試轉殖株 NZ3900-rpalIII-14 之質體穩定性及在乳酸鏈球菌素 (nisin) 誘導下其所產褐藻膠裂解酶 (alginate lyase) 酵素活性之變化與其特性分析、純化 alginate lyase rpalIII 酵素、探討轉殖株 NZ3900-rpalIII-14 所產之 crude alginate lyases 降解褐藻膠所得寡醣產物之抗氧化活性及抗凝血活性等。
| 乳酸菌之轉殖在目標 palIII 基因引子對之兩端分別加入 SpeI 和 XbaI 限制酶切位 (alg-pNZ-his-for 和 alg-pNZ-his-rev)，以 alginate lyase palIII 質體為模板進行 PCR 擴增反應。成功擴增之 palIII基因以 TA-cloning 方式與 pGEM-T vector 組合之重組載體 I轉殖至 E. coli DH5α，將此重組載體純化後和乳酸菌載體pNZ8149以 SpeI、XbaI 限制酶剪切，並透過接合反應形成乳酸菌之重組載體II 後，電穿孔轉殖至 Lc. lactis NZ3900 中，在 BCP-lactose 洋菜平板上培養基上篩選出呈現 lac+ (菌落周圍為黃色) 之成功之轉殖株。將轉殖成功之重組 palIII 基因定序，經比對確認其長度 (1,104 bp) 及核苷酸序列之一致性為 99.9%，並命名為 NZ3900-rpalIII-14。轉殖株 NZ300-rpalIII-14 於含有 0.5% lactose 之 M17 broth 中連續培養 10 天後，其質體穩定性可維持在 90% 以上。且以 1 ng/mL 濃度之 nisin 在 30℃ 下誘導 6 hr 時，有較佳的 alginate lyase 胞內酵素比活性 (0.18 U/mg protein)，進一步將胞內粗酵素液利用鎳親和性管柱層析進行 alginate lyase 之純化，其比活性可提升為 0.73 U/mg。經 SDS-PAGE 電泳分析結果得知其分子量約在 40 kDa 處有被誘導出之蛋白質條帶的產生。
| 使用轉殖株 NZ3900-rpalIII-14 所產之胞內 crude alginate lyases 水解 0.5% 市售褐藻膠，所得寡醣水解物 (< 3 kDa) 經Sephadex G25 膠體過濾層析 (gel permeation chromatography, GPC)，可收集到單一寡醣產物 (Alg-OS-2)，經薄層層析 (thin layer chromatography, TLC) 及高效能液相層析 (high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 分析後推測 Alg-OS-2 為聚合度 (degree of polymerization, dp) 為 2 之褐藻膠寡醣，其硫酸基含量約為 0.07%，分子量約為 360 Da。測試 < 3 kDa 之褐藻膠寡醣及 Alg-OS-2 之抗氧化活性，< 3 kDa 之褐藻膠寡醣有較佳的清除 DPPH 自由基能力 (51.26 ± 0.01%，相當於 6.28 ± 0.17 μg/mL trolox)；Alg-OS-2 則有較佳的螯合亞鐵離子能力 (21.16 ± 0.02%) 及還原力 (OD700nm = 0.49 ± 0.01，相當於 24.23 μg/mL trolox)。在兔血漿之抗凝血實驗中，在活化部分凝血活酶時間 (Activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT) 實驗中，< 3 kDa 之褐藻膠寡醣濃度為 1 mg/mL 時，與空白組相比，其凝集程度降低較明顯，而無延遲 APTT 之效果，Alg-OS-2 濃度為 20 mg/mL 時，與空白組相比，有降低凝集程度之效果，但無延遲 APTT 之效果。而在凝血酶原時間 (Prothrombin, PT) 實驗中，結果顯示 < 3 kDa 之褐藻膠寡醣及 Alg-OS-2 皆無降低凝集程度及延遲 PT 之效果，未來可添加硫酸基做進一步探討。
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論文目次: | 目錄    i
| 表目錄    vii
| 圖目錄    viii
| 附錄目錄    xi
| 中文摘要    xii
| 英文摘要 (Abstract)    xiv
| 壹、前言    1
| 貳、文獻整理    3
| 一、褐藻膠的組成與結構    3
| 二、褐藻膠裂解酶 (Alginate lyase)    3
| 2-1.  生產菌株及分離來源    3
| 2-2.  生化特性    5
| 2-3.  反應機制    6
| 2-4.  產物種類及其對生理活性影響    6
| 三、褐藻膠裂解酶寡醣產物之應用    7
| 四、褐藻膠裂解酶基因選殖    8
| 五、乳酸菌    8
| 5-1.  定義    8
| 5-2.  生理活性    9
| 5-3.  基因轉殖之應用    10
| 六、褐藻膠降解後產物之分析    10
| 6-1.  薄層層析法 (Thin layer chromatography, TLC)    10
| 6-2.  高效能液相層析法 (High-performance liquid
| chromatography, HPLC)    11
| 6-3.  傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀
| (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR)    11
| 6-4.  核磁共振光譜法 (Nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR)    11
| 參、實驗設計    13
| 一、褐藻膠裂解酶 (Alginate lyase) 之 palIII 基因轉殖至
| Lactococcus lactis NZ3900    13
| 二、Lc. lactis NZ3900 rpalIII 轉殖株之酵素純化及其生化特性
| 與其所產寡醣產物生理活性之探討    14
| 肆、實驗材料與方法    15
| 一、實驗材料    15
| 1-1.  實驗菌株    15
| 1-2.  試驗藥品    15
| 1-2-1.    藥品    15
| 1-2-2.    載體    17
| 1-2-3.    引子    17
| 1-2-4.    聚合酶鏈鎖反應試劑    18
| 1-2-5.    限制酶    18
| 1-2-6.    蛋白質及 DNA 萃取純化套裝試劑    18
| 1-2-7.    電泳標準品    18
| 1-2-8.    培養基組成    19
| 1-2-9.    褐藻膠裂解酶反應基質    20
| 1-2-10.    Alginate lyase 酵素活性反應試劑    21
| 1-2-11.    膠過濾緩衝液    21
| 1-2-12.    電泳膠片配製    21
| 1-2-13.    電泳溶液    22
| 1-2-14.    無菌過濾    22
| 1-2-15.    薄層層析矽膠片    22
| 1-3.  儀器設備    23
| 二、實驗方法    24
| 2-1.  菌株保存與活化    24
| 2-1-1. 菌株保存    24
| 2-1-2. 菌株活化    25
| 2-2.  褐藻膠裂解酶 (Alginate lyase) 之 palIII 基因轉殖至
| 乳酸菌    25
| 2-2-1.    引子設計    25
| 2-2-2.    擴增目標基因反應 (PCR)    25
| 2-2-3.    大腸桿菌之 TA-cloning 轉形作用    26
| 2-2-3-1. 接合反應    26
| 2-2-3-2. 大腸桿菌 (E. coli DH5) 勝任細胞製作    27
| 2-2-3-3. 大腸桿菌 (E. coli DH5) 電穿孔轉形    27
| 2-2-3-4. 利用聚合酶鏈鎖反應 (Polymerase chain
| reaction, PCR) 與洋菜糖膠電泳 (Agarose gel
| electrophoresis) 確認插入之基因片段大小    28
| 2-2-3-5. 利用限制酶剪切純化目標基因    28
| 2-2-4.    乳酸菌之電穿孔轉形作用    29
| 2-2-4-1. 接合反應    29
| 2-2-4-2. 乳酸菌 (Lc. lactis NZ3900) 勝任細胞製作    29
| 2-2-4-3. 乳酸菌 (Lc. lactis NZ3900) 電穿孔轉形    30
| 2-2-4-4. 利用聚合酶鏈鎖反應 (Polymerase chain
| reaction, PCR) 與洋菜糖膠電泳 (agarose gel
| electrophoresis) 確認插入之基因片段大小    30
| 2-2-4-5. 利用限制酶剪切純化目標基因    31
| 2-2-5.    DNA序列比對    31
| 2-2-6.    重組乳酸菌質體穩定性之測試    31
| 2-2-7.    Nisin對重組乳酸菌生長之影響    32
| 2-2-8.    乳酸菌重組 alginate lyase 之酵素活性分析    32
|
| 2-2-8-1.    Lc. lactis NZ3900 rpalIII 之 nisin誘導
| 濃度對 alginate lyase 活性影響之探討    32
| 2-2-8-2. 褐藻膠裂解酶活性測定    33
| 2-2-8-3. 蛋白質定量    33
| 2-2-8-4. 分子量鑑定    34
| 2-3.  褐藻膠裂解酶 (Alginate lyase) 生化特性之分析    34
| 2-3-1. 最適作用溫度    34
| 2-3-2. 熱穩定性    34
| 2-3-3. 最適作用 pH 值    35
| 2-3-4.  pH 值的安定性    35
| 2-3-5. 金屬離子的影響    35
| 2-4.  褐藻膠裂解酶水解寡醣產物之分析    35
| 2-4-1. 褐藻膠裂解酶水解寡醣產物製備    35
| 2-4-2. 硫酸基含量測定    36
| 2-4-3. 膠體過濾層析 (GPC) 分析    37
| 2-4-4. 薄層色層分析 (TLC)    37
| 2-4-5. 高效能液相層析 (HPLC) 分析    37
| 2-4-6. 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 (FT-IR) 分析    37
| 2-4-7. 褐藻膠寡醣抗氧化活性分析    38
| 2-4-7-1. 總酚類含量測定    38
| 2-4-7-2. 清除 DPPH 自由基能力測定    38
| 2-4-7-3. 螯合亞鐵離子能力測定    38
| 2-4-7-4. 還原力之測定    39
| 2-4-8. 褐藻膠寡醣抗凝血活性分析    39
| 2-4-8-1. 活化部份凝血活酶時間
| (Activited partial thromboplastin time, APTT)    39
| 2-4-8-2. 凝血酶原時間 (Prothrombin time, PT)    40
| 三、統計分析    40
| 伍、結果討論    41
| 一、褐藻膠裂解酶 (Alginate lyase) 之 palIII 基因轉殖至
| 乳酸菌    41
| 1. 大腸桿菌之 TA-cloning 轉形作用    41
| 2. 乳酸菌之電穿孔轉形作用    42
| 3. 轉殖株 NZ3900-rpalIII-14 之特性分析    42
| 4. 重組乳酸菌 NZ3900-rpalIII-14 質體穩定性之測試    43
| 5.    Nisin 對重組乳酸菌 NZ3900-rpalIII-14 生長之影響    44
| 6. 重組乳酸菌所產 alginate lyase 之酵素活性分析    44
| 7. 褐藻膠裂解酶 (alginate lyase) 生化特性之分析    45
| 7-1. 最適作用溫度及熱穩定性    45
| 7-2. 最適作用 pH 值與 pH 值安定性    47
| 7-3. 不同金屬離子之影響    48
| 二、轉殖株 NZ3900-rpalIII-14 所產crude alginate lyases
| 水解寡醣產物之分析    50
| 1. 膠體過濾層析 (GPC) 分析    50
| 2. 薄層色層分析 (TLC)    50
| 3. 高效能液相層析 (HPLC) 分析    51
| 4. 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 (FT-IR) 分析    52
| 5. 硫酸基含量測定    52
| 6. 褐藻膠寡醣抗氧化活性分析    52
| 6-1. 總酚類含量測定    52
| 6-2. 清除 DPPH 自由基能力測定    53
| 6-3. 螯合亞鐵離子能力測定    53
| 6-4. 還原力測定    54
| 7. 抗凝血活性測定之分析    54
| 7-1. 活化部份凝血活酶時間
| (Activited partial thromboplastin time, APTT) 測定    54
| 7-2. 凝血酶原時間 (Prothrombin time, PT) 測定    55
| 陸、結論    56
| 柒、參考文獻    57
| 捌、附錄    115
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2012 年 11 月 19 日 8:53