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論文名稱: | 龍鬚菜寡醣水解物之製備及其抗氧化與抗致突變性之探討與對雙叉桿菌生長影響
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研究生: | 黃霨禎 Wei-Jen Huang
指導教授: | 潘崇良
學位類別: | 碩士
學校名稱: | 國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱: | 食品科學系
學號: | M92320052
畢業學年度: | 93
語文別: | 中文
關鍵字: | 寡醣
| 生理活性
全文點閱次數: | 58

全文影像連結:

論文全文(pdf)

論文頁數: | 71
摘要: | 摘 要
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| 本研究以海洋細菌 Pseudomonas vesicularis MA103 及 Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF108 之 agarase 粗酵素液，於 40oC 下分解龍鬚菜多醣萃取物 (原料為 500 g 乾燥龍鬚菜粉末) 48 hr 後，收集龍鬚菜寡醣水解液使用超過濾系統 (disposable modular tangential flow system) 及 1,000 Da. 過濾孔徑 (molecular weight cut-off, MWCO) 濾膜進行寡醣水解液之濃縮，龍鬚菜寡醣濃縮液進行膠過濾分離寡醣 Galactose (單醣)、neoagarobiose (雙醣)、neoagarotetraose (四醣)、neoagarohexaose (六醣) 等 neoagarooligosaccharides，產率分別為 0.47、3.35、2.64 及 4.18%。在四種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液之抗氧化活性評估，DPPH 自由基之清除效應方面，以濃度 5.0 mg/mL 四醣溶液之清除能力較佳為 18.71%，寡醣溶液所含多酚化合物之清除 DPPH 自由基能力為 6.65-0.89%。在抑制血紅素催化亞麻油酸自氧化能力之影響方面，以濃度 5.0 mg/mL 四醣溶液抑制能力較佳為 24.48%，而寡醣溶液所含多酚化合物之抑制能力為 4.69-22.91%。於螯合亞鐵離子能力之測定方面，寡醣所含多酚化合物之螯合亞鐵離子能力為 3.25-19.21%。四種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液濃度增加其多酚化合物的含量皆隨之增加，且抗氧化活性與多酚化合物含量相關，其中以四醣溶液抗氧化活性較佳。龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對於 4NQO所誘導 Salmonella typhimurium TA98 和 TA100 突變抑制率為 34.21-78.94% 與 35.92-66.99%，其中以龍鬚菜六醣溶液對 4NQO 之抗致突變效果較佳，在對於 B[a]P 所誘導 S. typhimurium TA98 和 TA100 之抗致突變率方面，以雙醣和四醣溶液對 B[a]P 之抗致突變效果較好為 69.64% 及 59.98%。此外龍鬚菜寡醣對於六株雙叉桿菌生長之影響方面，其中Bifidobacterium (B.) bifidium 與 B. infantis 分別對四醣及雙醣有最佳的利用性，於第 30 小時菌數皆可達到 6.37 log CFU/mL 以上。四醣與六醣可做為促進 B. bifidium、B. infantis、B. longum 和 B. adolescentis 生長之益菌助生質 (prebrotics)。
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| Abstract
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| In the present study, Gracilaria oligosaccharide lysates derived from Gracilaria polysaccharides extract degraded by Pseudomonas vesicularis MA103 and Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF108 agarases for 48hr at 40oC were concentrated by ultrafiltration ( disposable modular tangential flow system and a 1,000 Da. Molecular weight cut-off membrance). Gracilaria oligosaccharides concentrates were fractionated by gel permeation chromatogram and the yields of neoagarooligosaccharides were as follows: Galactose, 0.47%; neoagarobiose, 3.35%; neoagarotetraose, 2.64%; neoagarohexaose, 4.18%. In the evalution on the antioxidation effect of four Gracilaria oligosaccharides, scavenging DPPH free radical of the aqueous solution of neoagarotetraose (5.0 mg/mL ) was demonstrated 18.71 ± 0.98% antioxidative activity. The ability for scavenging DPPH free radical of the polyphenol in the aqueous solution of Gracilaria oligosaccharides was examined to perform 6.65-17.89%. The antioxidative effect was measured via the inhibition of hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid oxidation. The aqueous solution of neoagarotetraose (5.0 mg/mL) was obtained 24.48% antioxidative activity. The antioxidative activity of the polyphenol in the aqueous solution of Gracilaria oligosaccharides were examined to perform 4.69-22.91%. The polyphenol in the aqueous solution of Gracilaria oligosaccharides performed 3.25-19.21% chelating effect by assaying the ability of chelating on Fe (II) ion. The aqueous solution of Gracilaria oligosaccharides have good performance on inhibiting Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 mutation induced by 4NQO, the antimutagenicity observed was 34.21-78.94% and 35.92-66.99%. The antimutagenicity ability of neoagarohexaose of exhibited by 4NQO was better than the other Gracilaria oligosaccharides. The aqueous solution of Gracilaria oligosaccharides have good performance on inhibiting Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 mutation induced by B[a]P, the antimutagenicity of neoagarobiose and neoagarotetraose observed were 69.64% and 59.98%. The effects of Gracilaria oligosaccharides on the bifidobacteria,  Bifidobacterium (B.) bifidium and B. infantis could grow well in the medium contain neoagarotetraose and neoagarobiose, bifidobacteria counts above 6.37 log CFU/mL at 30 hr. Neoagarohexaose and neoagarotetraose were prebiotics for the growth of B. bifidium, B. infantis, B. longum and B. adolescentis.
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論文目次: | 目 錄
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| 目錄.………………………………………………………………...і
| 表目錄………………………………………………………………v
| 圖目錄……………………………………………………………..vi
| 中文摘要………………………………………………………….viі
| 英文摘要…………………………………………………………..ix
| 壹、前言    1
| 貳、文獻整理    2
| 一、藻類簡介    2
| 二、海藻多醣    2
| 1. 海藻多醣之定義與特性    2
| 2. 海藻多醣之萃取方法    3
| 3. 海藻多醣之應用.    ………………………………………………4
| 4. 海藻多醣之生理活性    4
| (1) 海藻多醣對血脂質的作用    4
| (2) 海藻多醣對免疫活性及抗腫瘤的作用    4
| 三、 龍鬚菜簡介    5
| 1. 龍鬚菜之來源與利用    5
| 2. 龍鬚菜之成分與營養價值    6
| 3. 龍鬚菜多醣之生理活性    7
| 四、 寡醣與人體健康之關係    7
| 1. Prebiotic    7
| 2. 寡醣之結構特性    8
| 3. 寡醣對腸道生理之影響    8
| (1) 促進雙叉桿菌生長因子    9
| (2) 預防腸道病原菌之感染    10
| (3) 寡醣類提升益生菌對膽酸抗性    10
| (4) 寡醣促進短鏈脂肪酸 (SCFA) 之生成    11
| A. 改善排便    11
| B. 防癌    12
| C. 促進礦物質吸收    12
| D. 降低膽固醇    12
| 五、 抗致突變物之作用機制    12
| 1. 去致突變物    13
| (1) 防止致突變物生成之抑制劑    13
| (2) 降低致突變物造成DNA傷害之阻斷劑    13
| A. 致原致突變物之不活化作用    13
| B. 對代謝活化酵素系統之抑制作用    13
| C. 對原致突變物代謝活化物之不活化作用    14
| D. 促進解毒代謝系統    14
| (3) 抗氧化劑    14
| 2. 生物抗致突變物    14
| (1) 作用於DNA修補之化合物    14
| (2) 抑制腫瘤促進與增殖作用之抑制劑    15
| 六、 抗致突變性之檢測方法    15
| 1. Histidine requirement    16
| 2. rfa mutation    16
| 3. uvrB mutation    16
| 4. R-factor    16
| 5. pAQ1 plasmid    16
| 參、實驗設計    18
| 肆、實驗材料.    19
| 一、 實驗材料    19
| 1. 試驗菌株    19
| 2. 培養基    19
| 二、 實驗方法    23
| 1. 菌株之保存與活化    23
| 2. Agarase活性測定    23
| 3. Agarase 粗酵素液之生產與濃縮    24
| 4. 龍鬚菜寡醣之生產    24
| (1) 混合酵素 Cellulase R-10 及 Macerozyme R-10
| 酵素處理龍鬚菜 (Gracilaria spp.) 多醣之萃取    24
| (2) 以 agarase 粗酵素液進行龍鬚菜多醣分解    25
| (3) 龍鬚菜寡醣水解液之濃縮..……………………………..25
| (4) 以膠過濾分離龍鬚菜寡醣    25
| (5) 寡醣分析    25
| 5. 龍鬚菜粉末、龍鬚菜多醣與龍鬚菜寡醣水解物之一般
| 成分分析…………………    26
| 6. 龍鬚菜寡醣水解物之抗氧化性測定    26
| (1) 清除 DPPH 自由基能力之測定    26
| (2) 抑制血紅素催化亞麻油酸自氧化測定    27
| (3) 螯合亞鐵離子能力之測定    27
| 7. 龍鬚菜寡醣水解物之抗致突變性測定    28
| (1) Salmonella typhimurium TA98 與 TA100 之保存與
| 活化    28
| A. 試驗菌株之保存    28
| B. 試驗菌株之活化    28
| (2) S. typhimurium TA98 與 TA100 基因型態之確認    28
| A. 組胺酸需求性之確認    28
| B. rfa 突變之測試    29
| C. uvrB 突變之測試    29
| D. R-factor 之測試    29
| (3) 毒性試驗    29
| (4) 致突變實驗    30
| (5) 抗致突變性試驗    30
| 8. 龍鬚菜寡醣對六株雙叉桿菌生長之影響    31
| (1) 六株雙叉桿菌菌株活化及保存    31
| (2) 受試菌株對龍鬚菜寡醣利用試驗    31
| A. 接種源    31
| B. 測定生長情形    31
| 9. 統計與分析………………………………………………    31
| 伍、結果與討論    33
| 一、龍鬚菜寡醣之製備…………………………………………......33
| 1. 洋菜酶生產之探討…………………………………………...33
| 2. 龍鬚菜熱水萃取物經 agarase 分解所得產物之膠過濾
| 層析結果……………………………………………………....34
| 3.龍鬚菜寡醣產量之探討…………………………………….....34
| 二、四種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液抗氧化活性之探討……………………….35
| 1. 清除 DPPH 自由基之能力……………………………….......35
| 2. 亞鐵離子螯合效果………………………………………….....36
| 3. 抑制血紅素催化亞麻油酸自氧化之能力…………………….36
| 三、五種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液抗致突變性之探討………………………..37
| 1. S. typhimurium TA100 及 S. typhimurium TA98 試驗菌株
| 基因型態之確認..………………………………………………..37
| (1) 組胺酸需求性 (histidine requirement) 之確認…………...37
| (2) rfa 突變 (rfa mutation) 之測試…………………………...37
| (3) uvrB 突變 (uvrB) 之測試………………………………....37
| (4) R-factor 之測試…………………………………………….37
| 2. 毒性試驗……………………………………………………….37
| 3. 致突變性試驗………………………………………………….38
| 4. 抗致突變性試驗……………………………………………….38
| 四、龍鬚菜寡醣水解物對六株雙叉桿菌生長之影響………………...39
| 陸、結論    41
| 柒、參考文獻…………………………………………………………..…42
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| 表 目 錄
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| 表一、  菌株 A. salmonicida MAEF108在綜合最佳培養條件與
| 培養基組成下培養時之 agarase 生產表現…………………..51
| 表二、  菌株 P. vesicularis MA103 在綜合最佳培養條件與培養
| 基組成下培養時之 agarase 生產表現………………………..52
| 表三、  龍鬚菜寡醣之產量…………………………………………......56
| 表四、  四種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對 DPPH 自由基之清除效應…………57
| 表五、  四種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對螯合亞鐵離子能力之測定…………..58
| 表六、  四種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對抑制血紅素催化亞麻油酸
| 自氧化能力之影響……………………………………………..59
| 表七、  五種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對 Salmonella typhimurium TA98
| 之毒性試驗……………………………………………………..60
| 表八、  五種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對 Salmonella typhimurium
| TA100 之毒性試驗…………………………………………….61
| 表九、  五種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對 Salmonella typhimurium TA98
| 之致突變性試驗…………………………………………….....62
| 表十、  五種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對 Salmonella typhimurium
| TA100 之致突變性試驗……………………………………….63
| 表十一、 五種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對 Salmonella typhimurium TA98
| 之抗致突變性試驗………………………………………….....64
| 表十二、 五種龍鬚菜寡醣溶液對 Salmonella typhimurium
| TA100 之抗致突變性試驗…………………………………....65
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| 圖 目 錄
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| 圖一、    龍鬚菜多醣萃取物分別經 P. vesicularis MA103 agarase
| 於 26oC 下分解 24 hr 後之水解物中醣類的 Sephadex
| G-10 膠濾層析圖…………………………………………….53
| 圖二、    龍鬚菜多醣萃取物分別經 A. salmonicida MAEF108
| agarase 於 26oC 下分解 24 hr 後之水解物中醣類的Sephadex G-10 膠濾層析圖………………………………...54
| 圖三、    龍鬚菜多醣萃取物分別經 P. vesicularis MA103 及 A. salmonicida MAEF108 agarase 於 26oC 下分解 48 hr
| 後之水解物中醣類的 Sephadex G-10 膠濾層析圖……….55
| 圖四、    Bifidobacterium bifidium BCRC 14615 在含各龍鬚菜
| 寡醣溶液 (0.2%, w/v) 之基礎培養液中的生長…………...66
| 圖五、    Bifidobacterium infantis BCRC 15416 在含各龍鬚菜
| 寡醣溶液 (0.2%, w/v) 之基礎培養液中的生長…………...67
| 圖六、    Bifidobacterium adolescentis BCRC 14608 在含各龍
| 鬚菜寡醣溶液 (0.2%, w/v) 之基礎培養液中的生長……...68
| 圖七、    Bifidobacterium longum BCRC 11847 在含各龍鬚菜
| 寡醣溶液 (0.2%, w/v) 之基礎培養液中的生長…………...69
| 圖八、    Bifidobacterium breve BCRC 114061 在含各龍鬚菜
| 寡醣溶液 (0.2%, w/v) 之基礎培養液中的生長…………...70
| 圖九、    Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum
| BCRC 14673 在含各龍鬚菜寡醣溶液 (0.2%, w/v)
| 之基礎培養液中的生長……………………………………..71
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