:::

| | | | | | 第 | | 筆

詳目顯示區塊

第 13 筆
| (以作者名查詢海洋大學圖書館館藏系統)
| (以作者名查詢全國圖書書目資訊網)
| (以作者名查詢全國博碩士系統)
論文名稱: | 臺灣蜆煮汁乳酸發酵產品之生產技術及其生理活性探討
| Studies on the Preparation and Biological Activities of Fermented Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract
研究生: | 余雅雯 Ya-Wen Yu
指導教授: | 潘崇良 博士
學位類別: | 碩士
學校名稱: | 國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱: | 食品科學系
學號: | M94320005
畢業學年度: | 95
語文別: | 中文
關鍵字: | 臺灣蜆 Corbicula fluminea
| 乳酸發酵 lactic acid bacteria fermented
| 四氯化碳 Hep G2
| 生理活性 biological activity
| freshwater clam
全文點閱次數: | 60

全文影像連結:

論文全文(pdf)

論文頁數: | 129
摘要: | 本研究針對蜆煮汁乳酸發酵產品之產製技術、探討此製品之抗氧化、抗致突變活性、抑制血管收縮素轉換酶 (Angiotensin I converting enzyme, ACE) 能力、及添加此製品下四氯化碳誘導肝毒性對人類肝癌細胞 Hep G2 的影響等生理活性。將蜆與純水以 100oC 下處理 40 min 後，蜆煮汁所得之生菌數 < 2.00 log CFU/mL，且具較高之總糖量為 11.28 mg/mL，但經TLC 分析結果所得蜆煮汁之寡糖量較少，故需要添加 0.5% 蔗糖以進行發酵。乳酸菌發酵採用二組混合菌酛 (2%) 以 Lactobacillus plantarum BCRC 10069 + BCRC 12250 發酵可較 Pediococcus pentosaceus MFL + MFS 迅速達到 pH 4.6 以下。蜆煮汁經乳酸發酵後其清除 DPPH 與螯合亞鐵離子能力皆提高，分別從 18.60% 增加至 27.25-21.73% 以及從 67.89% 增加至 74.34%，以 BCRC 10069 + BCRC 12250 發酵可較 MFL + MFS 得到較高之抗氧化能力。蜆煮汁組、蜆煮汁乳酸菌發酵組 (10069 + 12250 與 MFL + MFS) 以及市售蜆精皆不對 Sal. typhimurium TA 98 與 TA 100 產生毒性與致突變性，也不對直接型致突變劑 4NQO 以及間接型致突變劑 B[a]P 產生之突變有抑制的能力。二組蜆煮汁乳酸菌發酵製品之抑制 ACE 能力皆較未發酵前提高，BCRC 10069 + BCRC 12250 組從 49.84% 增加至 54.08% ，MFS + MFL 組則由 49.84% 增加至 63.25%，IC50 值各為 3.54 μmole/mL 與 2.73 μmole/mL。將蜆煮汁經 BCRC 10069 (2%) + BCRC 12250 (2%) 發酵後以膠過濾層析劃分可得四群胜肽，而以 M.W. 2,530-2,760 與 1,637-1,785 二群胜肽在 ACEI (ACE inhibitor) 活性測試中有較高的抑制效率百分比為 11.91%/μmole/mL 與 11.70%/μmole/mL。而在Hep G2 細胞實驗顯示 (1) CCl4 與 Hep G2 先反應 2 hr (Before) 後，再加入蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品培養 24 hr，或 (2) Hep G2 + 蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品培養 24 hr後，再與 CCl4 反應 2 hr (After) 的結果中，顯示蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品在 0.14-0.28 mg protein/mL 添加反應濃度下，均具有降低 CCl4 (4.00 ppm) 對 Hep G2 細胞傷害的能力。在預先與 0.02-4.00 ppm 的四氯化碳刺激下 (2 hr)。Silymarin 組與蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品組 (中之 0.07-0.28 mg protein/mL) 隨著四氯化碳的刺激量增加，前者之細胞存活率有明顯下降的情形，而後者中添加濃度為 0.07-0.28 mg protein/mL 樣品試驗組之細胞存活率有明顯增加的現象，顯示蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品在較高濃度 (4.00 ppm) 之四氯化碳刺激下，較 Silymarin 對四氯化碳傷害之 Hep G2 細胞有佳的細胞存活率。蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品無論是儲藏於 4oC 下 14 天或是 25oC 下 3 天，皆顯示抗氧化能力會隨時間增加而下降，清除 DPPH 能力從 27.25% 降至 17.13-16.88%，螯合亞鐵離子能力也呈下降的趨勢從 110.69% 降至 78.55-64.88%，其與發酵過程游離胺基酸、胜肽、還原糖的消耗有關，而抑制 ACE 能力則會隨時間增加而提高由 66.56% 上升至 97.91-96.73%，但胺基含量卻隨儲藏時間增加有些微的下降，則可能由於儲藏期間乳酸菌持續產酸與降低 pH 等變化抑制 ACE 反應活性有關。品評試驗結果顯示，蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品添加 10% 薑汁 + 5% 蔗糖後，在香氣、滋味、與整體接受性方面較市售蜆精獲得較佳之評價，但在色澤方面則以市售蜆精較佳。
| The production technology of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermented freshwater clam extracts (FFCEs), and their antioxidant properties, antimutagenicity, and inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were studied.  Freshwater clam extracts (FCEs) was obtained from freshwater clam:water = 1:2 (w/v) at 100oC for 40 min.  FCEs were fermented by 2% Lactobacillus plantarum BCRC 10069 + 2% Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 (FFCEs-L) and 2% Pediococcus pentosaceus MFL + 2% Ped. pentosaceus MFS (FFCEs-P) with addition of 0.5% sucrose at 37oC.  The time taken to below pH 4.6 was about 4 hr for 2 groups of the FFCEs, but lactic acid bacteria fermented by BCRC 10069 + BCRC 12250 was rapidly lowered pH value below 4.6.  In the evaluation on the antioxidation effects of the FFCEs, the ability for scavenging DPPH free radicals and chelating Fe2+ of FFCEs-L and FFCEs-P were examined to perform 27.25-21.73% and 74.34-41.36%, respectively.  FFCEs-L and FFCEs-P had no inhibition of mutagenicity induced by indirect-acting mutagen B[a]P and direct mutagen 4NQO evaluated by Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100.  The ACE inhibitory (ACEI) activity of FFCEs-L and FFCEs-P were 54.08% and 63.25%, respectively.  The FFCEs-L were applied to gel permeation chromatography G25, effect of CCl4-induced Hep G2 inhibition, storage test, and sensory evaluations.  The FFCEs-L were fractionated by gel permeation chromatography, and peptide fractions II and IV have molecular weights ranged from 2,530-2,760 and 1,637-1,785 as to inhibitory activity against ACE efficiency ratio (IER) were 11.91 and 11.70, respectively.  The hepatoprotective effect of FFCEs-L (0.01-0.28 mg protein/mL) on CCl4-exposure of Hep G2 (Human hepatoma cell) was tested as (1) after CCl4 (4.00 ppm) expose for 2 hr, treated with FFCEs-L for 24 hr; (2) after preculture with FFCEs-L for 24 hr, CCl4 (4.00 ppm) exposed for 2 hr.  The FFCEs-L (0.14-0.28 mg protein/mL) showed significant cell viability of Hep G2 both at (1) and (2) conditions.  Silymarin was tested as a positive control and the cell viability was significantly lower when Hep G2 cell exposed to dose-dependent increased CCl4 (0.02-4.00 ppm).  In contrast, the levels were significantly higher in FFCEs-L, while the tested samples had 0.07-0.28 mg protein/mL FFCEs-L products.  The results show that cell viability for high concentration (4.00 ppm) CCl4-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells were significantly better after FFCEs-L treated group then after silymarin treated group.  At 4oC for 14 days and 25oC for 3 days storage period, the ability for scavenging DPPH free radicals and chelating Fe2+ of in FFCEs-L were reduced from 27.25% to 17.13-16.88% and 110.69% to 78.55-64.88%, respectively.  ACEI of FFCEs-L was increased from 66.56% to 97.91% and 96.73% in storage period, but the level of amine content decreased follow with time.  The results indicated that further ACEI activity may due to inhibition of acids.  The sensory evaluations of FFCEs-L with 10% ginger extract + 5% sucrose in commercial FCEs and FFCEs-L with 5-10% ginger extract and/or 1-5% sucrose had higher flavor (6.00), taste (5.13) , and overall acceptance (5.38), but the results of color indicated FFCEs-L with 10% ginger extract + 5% sucrose (5.63) had lower scale compared with commercial FCEs (5.88).
論文目次: | 目    錄……………………………………………………………………i
| 表 目 錄…………………………………………………………………v
| 圖 目 錄…………………………………………………………………vii
| 中文摘要…………………………………………………………………viii
| 英文摘要 (Abstract) ……………………………………………………x
| 壹、    前言…………………………………………………………………1
| 貳、    文獻整理……………………………………………………………2
| 一、    蜆 (Freshwater clam) 簡介…………………………………2
| 二、    蜆的成分……………………………………………………2
| 三、    蜆的生理活性………………………………………………3
| 1.    抗氧化能力…………………………………………………3
| 2.    降血壓、血脂能力…………………………………………4
| 3.    降膽固醇能力………………………………………………4
| 4.    護肝能力……………………………………………………4
| 5.    抗癌…………………………………………………………4
| 四、    乳酸菌簡介…………………………………………………5
| 1.    乳酸菌之定義與分類………………………………………5
| 2.    益生菌 (Probiotics) …………………………………………6
| 3.    乳酸菌之生理活性……………………………………………7
| 五、    氧化作用與抗氧化物…………………………………………10
| 1.    自由基 (Free radicals) 與活性氧之形成…………………10
| 2.    氧化傷害與生物體的相關性…………………………………11
| 3.    抗氧化物的種類………………………………………………12
| 4.    抗氧化物的來源………………………………………………14
| 5.    抗氧化物活性測定原理………………………………………17
| 六、    抗致突變性之研究……………………………………………18
| 1.    食物中之致突變物與抗致突變物……………………………18
| 2.    乳酸菌及其發酵製品之抗致突變性…………………………21
| 3.    抗致突變性之檢測……………………………………………21
| 七、    血管收縮素轉換酶與降血壓之關係…………………………23
| 1.    高血壓的定義與分類…………………………………………23
| 2.    血管收縮素轉換酶 (ACE) 簡介與其酵素活性抑制物……24
| 3.    ACE 抑制物 (ACE inhibitor, ACEI) 之來源……………25
| 八、    四氯化碳誘發的化學性肝損傷………………………………27
| 1.    四氯化碳誘發的氧化傷害模式………………………………27
| 2.    四氯化碳對脂質代謝的影響…………………………………28
| 3.    貝類攝取對脂質代謝的影響…………………………………29
| 參、    實驗設計……………………………………………………………30
| 一、    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品製程……………………………………30
| 1.    熱萃條件取得…………………………………………………30
| 2.    乳酸菌發酵條件………………………………………………30
| 二、    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品之生理活性測試………………………31
| 肆、    材料方法…………………………………………………………32
| 一、    實驗材料………………………………………………………32
| 1.    原料……………………………………………………………32
| 2.    試驗菌株與細胞株……………………………………………32
| 3.    培養基…………………………………………………………33
| 4.    藥品……………………………………………………………36
| 5.    材料與儀器設備………………………………………………38
| 二、    實驗方法………………………………………………………39
| 1.    乳酸菌株之保存與活化………………………………………39
| 2.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品之生產條件探討………………………40
| 3.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品抗氧化性之測定………………………41
| 4.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品之抗致突變性測定……………………42
| 5.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對 ACE 抑制能力測定……………46
| 6.    乳酸發酵製品對蜆煮汁中蛋白的影響………………………49
| 7.    乳酸菌發酵對蜆煮汁中寡糖的影響…………………………50
| 8.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對四氯化碳誘導 Hep G2 損傷評估……50
| 9.    品評試驗……………………………………………………52
| 10.    統計與分析…………………………………………………52
| 伍、    結果與討論………………………………………………………53
| 一、    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品製程探討………………………………53
| 1.    熱萃條件之選用……………………………………………53
| 2.    蜆煮汁發酵條件探討…………………………………………53
| 二、    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品之生理活性探討………………………54
| 1.    抗氧化能力……………………………………………………54
| 2.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品之抗致突變活性探討…………………57
| 3.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品之對 ACE 之抑制活性效果………62
| 三、    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對四氯化碳誘導 Hep G2 損傷之
| 影響……………………………………………………………67
| 1.    不同濃度之蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對 Hep G2 細胞存活
| 率之影響………………………………………………………67
| 2.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對 Hep G2 經四氯化碳 (0.02-
| 4 ppm)誘導之細胞毒性存活率之影響………………………68
| 3.    Hep G2 與蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品預培養 24 hr 後，再以
| 四氯化碳 (4 ppm) 誘導之細胞毒性存活率之影響………70
| 四、    蜆煮汁乳酸菌發酵前後製品貯藏試驗之探討………………70
| 1.    pH 値、可滴定酸度與乳酸菌量變化………………………70
| 2.    抗氧化能力變化……………………………………………71
| 3.    抑制 ACE 能力變化………………………………………72
| 五、    品評試驗………………………………………………………73
| 陸、    結    論……………………………………………………………74
| 柒、    參考文獻……………………………………………………………76
|
| 表 目 錄
|
| 表 1.    於不同條件下蜆煮汁之生菌數、蛋白量、與總糖量的變化……102
| 表 2.    蜆煮汁各別接種二組乳酸菌發酵過程之 pH 值、可滴定
| 酸度、與乳酸菌數變化…………………………………………103
| 表 3.    蜆煮汁發酵前後製品、乳酸菌 MRS 發酵液、與市售蜆精
| 之清除 DPPH 效果……………………………………………104
| 表 4.    蜆煮汁發酵前後製品、乳酸菌 MRS 發酵液、與市售蜆精
| 之螯合亞鐵離子之測定…………………………………………105
| 表 5.    Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 及 TA 100 之基因形態……106
| 表 6.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對 Salmonella typhimurium TA 98及
| TA 100 之毒性評估…………………………………………107
| 表 7.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對 Sal. typhimurium TA 98 之致突變性
| 評估………………………………………………………………108
| 表 8.    蜆煮汁發酵製品對 Sal. typhimurium TA 100 之致突變性
| 評估………………………………………………………………109
| 表 9.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對直接型致突變劑 4NQO 之抗致突
| 變性評估…………………………………………………………110
| 表 10.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵對間接型致突變劑 B[a]P 之抗致突變
| 性評估…………………………………………………………111
| 表 11.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵 4 hr 前後之游離胺基酸 (μg/mL) 組成
| 變化……………………………………………………………112
| 表 12.    蜆煮汁發酵前後製品、乳酸菌 MRS 發酵液、與市售蜆
| 精之 ACE 抑制百分率、與胺基濃度、IC50 值………………113
| 表 13.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品以 GPC G25 分離所得各劃分收集
| 物之分子量、ACE 抑制百分率、胺基濃度、與 IER…………114
| 表 14.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品與市售蜆精之 pH 値、總糖量、
| 與蛋白量變化……………………………………………………115
| 表 15.    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 和 BCRC 10069 發酵
| 蜆煮汁於 4oC 與 25oC 貯藏期間之胺基含量變化…………116
| 表 16.    以 5% 或 10% 薑汁與 1% 或 5% 蔗糖調味之蜆煮
| 汁乳酸發酵製品的官能品評結果………………………………117
|
| 目 錄
|
| 圖 1.    蜆煮汁接種不同乳酸菌發酵過程 TLC 圖……………………118
| 圖 2.    蜆煮汁接種不同乳酸菌發酵前後 SDS-PAGE 電泳圖變化…119
| 圖 3.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品的 Sephadex G-25 膠體過濾層析圖…120
| 圖 4.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對 Hep G2 肝癌細胞存活率之影響…121
| 圖 5.    蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品對 Hep G2 肝癌細胞經四氯化碳
| (0.02-4.00 ppm) 誘導之細胞毒性存活率之影響……………122
| 圖 6.    肝癌細胞與蜆煮汁乳酸發酵製品預培養 24 hr 後，Hep G2
| 以 CCl4 (4 ppm) 誘導之細胞毒性存活率……………………123
| 圖 7.    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 和 BCRC 10069 發酵蜆煮
| 汁於 25oC 貯藏 3天之 pH、可滴定酸度與乳酸菌數變化…124
| 圖 8.    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 和 BCRC 10069 發酵蜆煮
| 汁於 4oC 貯藏 14天之 pH、可滴定酸度與乳酸菌數變化…125
| 圖 9.    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 和 BCRC 10069 發酵蜆煮
| 汁於 25oC 貯藏 3 天之清除 DPPH 自由基與螯合亞鐵離
| 子能力……………………………………………………………126
| 圖 10.    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 和 BCRC 10069 發酵蜆
| 煮汁於 4oC 貯藏 14 天之清除 DPPH 自由基與螯合亞
| 鐵離子能力………………………………………………………127
| 圖 11.    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 和 BCRC 10069 發酵蜆
| 煮汁於 4oC 與 25 oC 貯藏期間之 ACE 抑制能力變化……128
| 圖 12.    pH 值對ACE 抑制百分率的影響……………………………129
|
參考文獻: | 王叔菀。2000。Ames Test 之原理及其於產品安全性評估之應用。食品工業。32: 8-17。
| 王朝富。2002。電透析鹹鴨蛋蛋白液酵素水解物之抗氧化能力之探討。國立嘉義大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。嘉義。臺灣。
| 巫文隆。1979。臺灣蜆型態測定學的研究。貝類學報。6: 1-12。
| 何雲達。1995。貝類養殖 (三) 蜆。臺灣農家要覽漁業篇。p. 252。豐年社。臺北。臺灣。
| 李時珍。1995。本草綱目。pp. 1407-1411。文化圖書公司。臺北。臺灣。
| 李福臨。2000。乳酸菌分類之研究近況。食品工業。32: 36-42。
| 李麗文。2006。如何吃蜆最健康。世茂出版社。臺北。臺灣。
| 吳蕙君。1998。魚貝類抽出物抗氧化性之探討。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 吳書瑜。2006。探討文蛤 (Meretrix lusoria) 之保肝功能研究。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 於柏伸。2005。牡蠣抽出物之抗氧化活性與其季節及產地之變動。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 邱思魁、蕭泉源、藍蕙玲。1997。養殖臺灣蜆化學成分之季節變化。食品科學。24: 469-478。
| 邱士峰。2003。甲魚萃取物之體外免疫調節功能評估。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 林志生。2000。蜆萃出物供飲對高血脂症之血脂代謝機能性之探討。89 年度行政院農業委員會計畫成果報告 (89科技-3.1-糧-93)。臺北。臺灣。
| 林志生。2003。飲用蜆萃取物對酒精性肝臟損傷之影響。中華民國營養學會雜誌。28: 26-33。
| 林子青。2004。貝類熱水抽出物與水解物中胜肽對血管升壓素轉換酶之抑制與其純化。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 林柏全。2005a。蜆、文蛤與花蛤熱水抽出物對吳郭魚 (Oreochromis mossambicuss) 體外與體內低密度之蛋白氧化之影響。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 林國泰。2005b。蜆抽出物之抗氧化活性與其季節及產地之變動。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 祝雯、林志堅、吳祖建、林奇英、謝聯輝。2004。河蜆醣蛋白對人體肝癌細胞凋亡的影響。中國公共衛生。20: 674-675。
| 涂汝祝。2003。日本鰻與歐洲鰻肌肽分解之差異及其對鰻肉抗氧化之影響。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 高野俊明。1998。乳酸菌保健營養效果之研究動向。生物產業。9: 46-50。
| 高馥均、李敏雄。1998。食品保存與抗氧化劑。食品工業。30: 17-24。
| 陳素月。1992。游離胺基酸和胜肽在食物呈味中所扮演的角色。食品工業。24: 28-34。
| 陳讚昌、廖國焱、巫文隆。1992。臺灣蜆 (Corbicular fluminea) 在本省之研究與展望。貝類學報。17: 37-49。
| 陳聰松、馮貢國、高淑雲、朱正名、潘泰安、蔡宗哲、王文亮。1994。蜆精粉加工可行性研究。水產研究。2: 75-84。
| 陳惠英、顏國欽。1996。膳食中之抗致突變物及其作用機制。中華民國營養學會雜誌。21: 323-338。
| 陳姿利。1998。利用雞蛋白水解物生產血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑。國立臺灣大學食品科技研究所博士論文。臺北。臺灣。
| 陳惠英、顏國欽。1998。自由基、抗氧化防禦與人體健康。中華民國營養學會雜誌。23: 105-121。
| 陳冠文。2001。發酵牛乳中之乳清對血管升壓素轉換酶之抑制及其降低高血壓的效果。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 陳冠丞。2002。闊葉大豆(金門一條根)之抗氧化特性及其有效多酚類化合物之分離。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 陳長堅。2003。蜆粉或蜆精對四氯化碳誘發之肝障害大白鼠肝臟脂質過氧化的影響。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 陳玉真。2004。乳酸菌發酵吳郭魚保健食品產製技術及生理活性之探討。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 陳慶源、林富美。2004。益生菌之保健功效。食品工業。36: 1-3。
| 陳佳伶。2005。文蛤水解物中胜肽對血管收縮素轉換酶之抑制與其純化。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 陳君如。2006。海菜酒之製備及其生理活性功能探討。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 國民健康局、臺灣內科醫學會。2004。高血壓防治手冊-高血壓偵測、控制與治療流程指引。行政院衛生署國民健康局。臺中。臺灣。
| 國家標準 (CNS) 10890。1991。食品微生物之檢驗法-生菌數之檢驗。經濟部標準檢驗局。臺北。臺灣。
| 國家標準 (CNS) 3441。1996。乳品檢驗法-酸度之滴定。經濟部標準檢驗局。臺北。臺灣。
| 梁惠如。2005。蜆抗癌有效成分之分離及化學結構鑑定。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 張源義。2005。乳酸菌發酵牡蠣風味乳製品產製技術與其生理活性功能之探討。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 馮貢國。1998。養殖臺灣蜆的熱水萃取物和蜆肉酵素水解物的生物活性評估。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。臺北。臺灣。
| 黃秀英。1997。乳酸菌電穿孔株之鑑定與應用以及電穿孔反應條件之探討。國立臺灣海洋大學水產食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 黃崇真。2004。腸道微生物與益生菌。食品工業月刊。36: 4-15。
| 楊詠翔。1999。食品中抗高血壓胜肽的發展現況。食品工業月刊。31: 9-18.
| 楊喬筑。2006。以細胞培養模式評估固態培養牛樟芝菌絲體萃取物之抗肝癌生物活性及其機制。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 漁業署。2005。中華民國臺灣地區漁業年報。漁業署。臺北。臺灣。
| 廖啟成。1998。乳酸菌之分類及應用。食品工業。30: 1-10。
| 廖靜伃。2004。蜆 (Corbicula fluminea) 萃取物及水解物對脂質氧化與脂氧合酶活性之影響。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 衛生署。2003。健康食品之護肝功能評估方法 (針對化學性損傷)。衛署食字第 0920401629 號公告。臺北。臺灣。
| 劉怡青。2004。文蛤抽出物之抗氧化活性與其季節及產地之變動。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 謝孟荔。2004。乳酸菌與雙叉桿菌發酵豆奶之抗致突變性。國立臺灣大學食品科技研究所碩士學位論文。臺北。臺灣。
| 羅培仁。2003。雙叉桿菌對 Benzo[a]pyrene 之抗致突變性及機制。國立臺灣大學食品科技研究所博士學位論文。臺北。臺灣。
| 饒家麟、柯文慶。2001。鮪魚蒸煮液蛋白質水解物之抗氧化特性。臺灣農業化學與食品科學。39: 363-369。
| Abe, H.  1995.  Histidine-related dipeptides: Distribution, metabolism, and physiological function.  pp. 309-333.  In “Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, Vol. 4.”  Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland.
| Ahotupa, M., M. Saxelin, and R. Korpela.  1996.  Antioxidative properties of Lactobacillus GG.  Nutrition Today Supplement  31: 51-52.
| Akalin, A. S., S. Gonc, and S. Duzel.  1997.  Influence of yogurt and acidophilus yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in mice.  Journal of Dairy Science  80: 2721-2725.
| Amagaya, S., M. Hayakawa, Y. Ogihara, Y. Ohta, and K. Fujiwara.  1989.  Treatmeat of chronic liver injury in mice by oral administration of Xiao-chai-hu-tang.  Journal of Ethnopharmacology  25: 181-187.
| Ames, B. N. 1983. Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens. Science 221: 1256-1264.
| Ames, B. N., M. K. Shigenaga, and T. M. Hagen.  1993.  Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of American  90: 7915-7922.
| Arunachalam, K. D.  1999.  Role of bifidobacteria in nutrition, medicine and technology.  Nutrition Research  19: 1559-1597.
| Axelsson, L. T.  1998.  Lactic acid bacteria: Classification and physiology.  pp. 1-72.  In “Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiology and Functional.’’  2nd ed.  Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, U.S.A.
| Bailey, G. S., and D. E. Williams,  1993.  Potential mechanisms for food related carcinogens and anticarcinogens.  Food Technology  2: 105-118.
| Bay, B. H., Y. K. Lee., B. K. H. Tan, and E. A. Ling.  1999.  Lipid peroxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme in brains of milk-supplemented rats.  Neuroscience Letters  277: 127-130.
| Bengmark, S.  2000.  Bacteria for optimal health.  Nutrition  16: 611-615.
| Boldyrev, A., A. Dupin, E. Pindel, and S. Severin.  1988.  Antioxidative properties of histidine-containing dipeptides from skeletal muscles of vertebrates.  Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology  89: 245-250.
| Brand-Williams, W., M. E. Cuvelier, and C. Berset.  1995.  Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity.  Food Science and Technology  28: 25-30.
| Britton, J. C., and B. Morton.  1982.  A dissection guide, field and  laboratory manual for the introduce bivalve Corbicula fluea.  Malacological Review 3: 1-82.
| Bronzetti, G.  1994.  Antimutagens in food.  Trends in Food Science and Technology  5: 390-395.
| Brown, C. E.  1981.  Interaction among carnosine, anserine, ophidine and copper in biochemical adaptation.  Journal of Theoretical Biology  88: 245-256.
| Cadenas, E.  1995.  Mechanisms of oxygen activation and reactive oxygen species detoxification.  pp. 1-61.  In “Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses in Biology.”  1st ed.  Chapman and Hall, New York, U.S.A.
| Cavalieri, E.L., and E. G. Rogan.  1995.  Central role of radical cations in metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Xenobiotica  25: 677-688.
| Chance, B., H. Sies, and A. Boveris.  1979.  Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs.  Physiological Reviews  59: 527-605.
| Chen, C. S., B. Pignatellia, C. Malaveillea, G. Bouviera, D. Shukera, A. Hautefeuillea, R. F. Zhangb, and H. Bartsch.  1992.  Levels of direct-acting mutagens, total N-Nitroso compounds in nitrosated fermented fish products, consumed in a high-risk area for gastric cancer in southern China.  Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis  265: 211-221.
| Chen, H. M., K. Muramoto, F. Yamauchi, K. Fujimoto, and K. Nokihara.  1998.  Antioxidative properties of histidine-containing peptides designed from peptide fragments found in the digests of a soybean protein.  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry  46: 49-53.
| Cheung, H. S., F. L. Wang, M. A. Ondetti, E. F. Sabo, and D. W. Cushman.  1980. Binding of peptide substrates and inhibitors of angiotensinconverting enzyme. The Journal of Biological Chemistry  255: 401- 407.
| Church, F. C., H. E. Swaisgood, D. H. Porter, and G. L. Catignani.  1983.  Sepctrophotometric assay using □-phthaldiadehyde for determination of proteolysis in milk and isolated milk proteins.  Journal of Dairy Science  66: 1219-1227.
| Claxton, L. D., and G. M. Woodal.  2007.  A review of the mutagenicity and rodent carcinogenicity of ambient air.  Mutation Research (in press).
| Combs, J. G. F.  2001.  Selenium in global food systems.  British Journal of Nutrition  85: 517-547.
| Commane, D., R. Hughes, C. Shortt, and I. Rowland.  2005.  The potential mechanisms involved in the anti-carcinogenic action of probiotic.  Mutation Research  591: 276-289.
| Conen, H., and H. R. Brunner.  1993.  Pharmacologic profile of trandolapril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.  American Heart Journal  125: 1525-1531.
| Cooper, T. G.  1977.  The Tools of Biochemistry.  pp. 53-55.  John Willy, and Sons Inc., New York, U.S.A.
| Cushman, D. W., and H. S. Cheung.  1971.  Spectrophotometeric assay and properties of the angiotension-converting enzyme of rabbit lung.  Biochemistry of Pharmacology  20: 1637-1648.
| Decker, E., A. Crum, and J. Calvert.  1992.  Differences in the antioxidant mechanism of carnosine in the presence of copper and iron.  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry  40: 756-759.
| Deeth, H. C., and A. Y. Tomine.  1981.  Yogurt:nutritive and therapeutic aspects.  Journal of Food Protection  44: 78-86.
| Denter, J., and B. Bisping.  1994.  Formation of B-vitamins by bacteria during the soaking process of soy-beans for temp fermentation.  International Journal of Food Microbiology  22: 23-31.
| Dinis, T. C. P., V. M. C. Madeira, and L. M. Almeida.  1994.  Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylite, and 5-aminosalicylite) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers.  Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics  315: 161-169.
| Doll, R., and R. Peto.  1981.  The causes of cancer: Quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today.  Journal of the National Cancer Institute  66: 1191-1308.
| Donkor, O. N., A. Henriksson, T. Vasiljevic, and N. P. Shah.  2007.  Proteolytic activity of dairy lactic acid bacteria and probiotics as determinant of growth and in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity in fermented milk.  Lait  87: 21-38.
| Dosh, S. A.  2001.  The diagnosis of essential and secondary hypertension in adults.  The Journal of Family Practice  50: 707-12.
| Dotan, Y., D. Lichtenberg, and I. Pinchuk.  2004.  Lipid peroxidation cannot be used as a universal criterion of oxidative stress.  Progress in Lipid Research  43: 200-227.
| Draper, H. H., S. Agarwal, D. E. V. Nelson, J. J. Wee, A. K. Ghoshal, and E. Farber.  1995.  Effects of peroxidative stress and age on the concentration of a deoxyguanosine-malondialdehyde adduct in rat DNA.  Lipids  30: 959-961.
| Du, X. M., N. Y. Sun, J. Hayashi, Y. Chen, M. Sugiura, and Y. Shoyama.  2003.  Hepatoprotective and antihyperliposis activities of in vitro cultured Anoectochilus formosanus.  Phytotherapy Research  17: 30-33.
| Dubois, M., K. A. Gilles, J. K. Hamilton, P. A. Rebers, and F. Smith.  1956.  Colormertric method for determination of sugars and related  substances.  Analytical Chemistry  28: 350-356.
| Duckworth, M., and W. Yaphe.  1970.  Definitive assay for pyruvic acid in agar and other algal polysaccharides.  Chemistry and Industry  23: 747-748.
| Dziezak, J. D.  1986.  Preservatives: Antioxidants.  Food Technology  40: 94-102.
| FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization).  2001.  Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria.  Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Córdoba, Argentina.
| FDA (Food and Drug Administration).  1998.  Bacteriological Analytical Manual.  8th ed.  FDA, Rockville, U.S.A.
| Ferguson, L. R., M. Philpott, and N. Karunasinghe.  2004.  Dietary cancer and prevention using antimutagens.  Toxicology  198: 147-159.
| Fernandes, C. F., K. M. Shahani, and M. A. Amer.  1987.  Therapeutic role of dietary lactobacilli and lactobacilli fermented dairy products.  FEMS Microbiology Reviews  46: 343-356.
| Fridovich, I.  1995.  Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases. Annual Review of Biochemistry  64: 97-112.
| Fuller, R.  1989.  Probiotics in man and animals.  The Journal of Applied Bacteriology  66: 365-378.
| Giese, J.  1996.  Antioxidants: Tools for preventing lipid oxidation.  Food Technology  50: 73-81.
| Gieseg, S. P., S. Cuddihy, J. V. Hill, and W. Davison.  2000.  A comparison of plasma vitamin C and E levels in two Antarctic and two temperate water fish species.  Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology  125: 371-378.
| Goldin, B. R., L. J. Gualtieri, and R. P. Moore.  1996.  The effect of Lactobacillus GG on the initiation and promotion of DMH-induced intestinal tumors in the rat.  Nutrition and Cancer  25: 197-204.
| Grill, J. P., C. Cayuela, J. M. Antoine, and F. Schneider.  2000.  Effects of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Bifidobacterium breve on cholesterol.  Letters in Applied Microbiology  31: 154-156.
| Grisham, M. B., and N. Granger.  1989. Metabolic sources of reactive oxygen metabolites during oxidant stress and ischemia with reperfusion.  Clinics in Chest Medicine  10: 71–81.
| Gyamfi, M. A., M. Yonamine, and Y. Aniya.  1999.  Free-radical scavenging action of medicinal herbs from Ghana Thonningia sanguinea on experimentally-induced liver injuries.  General Pharmacology  32: 661-667.
| Hall, T.J., P. R. James, and G. Cambridge.  1993.  Development of an in vitro hepatotoxicity assay for assessing the eVects of chronic drug exposure.  Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology  79: 249–256.
| Halliwell, B.  1994.  Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: Curiosity, cause or consequence?  The Lancet  344: 721-723.
| Halliwell, B., M. A. Murcia, S. Chirico, and O. I. Aruoma.  1995.  Free radicals and antioxidants in food and in vivo: What they do and how they work.  Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition  35: 7-20.
| Harman, D.  1956.  Aging: A theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry.  Journal of Gerontology  11: 298-300.
| Heather, J., C. Jane, K. Alizan, B. Joan, D. M. Rosalie, and C. H. John.  2003.  Basic science review: Glutathione.  ANZ Journal of Surgery  73: 517-522.
| Hipkiss, A. R.  1998.  Carnosine, a protective, anti-ageing peptide?  The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology  30: 863-868.
| Hirayama, K., and J. Rafter.  2000.  The role of probiotic bacteria in cancer prevention.  Microbes and Infection  2: 681-686.
| Hoerr, R. A., and E. F. Bostwick.  2000.  Bioactive proteins and prebiotic bacteria: Modulators of nutritional health.  Nutrition  16: 711-713.
| Hooper N. M.  1996.  Zinc Metalloproteases in Health and Disease.  pp. 83-104.  Taylor and Francis, London, UK.
| Huang, Y. T., Y. H. Huang, T. C. Hour, B. S. Pan, Y. C. Liu, and M. H. Pan.  2006.  Apoptosis-inducing active components from Corbicula fluminea through activation of caspase-2 and production of reactive oxygen species in human leukemia HL-60 cells.  Food and Chemical Toxicology  44: 1261-1272.
| Im, J. Y., D. Kim, S. G. Paik, and P. L. Han.  2006.  Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent neuronal death proceeds via superoxide anion generation.  Free Radical Biology and Medicine  41: 960-972.
| Iritani, N., E. Fukuda, K. Inoguchi, M. Tsubosaka, and S. Tashiro.  1980.  Reduction of lipogenic enzymes by shellfish triglycerides in rat liver.  The Journal of Nutrition  110: 1664-1670.
| Ishikawa, Y.  1992.  Development of new types of antioxidants from microbial origin.  Journal of Japan Oil Chemistry Society  41: 762-767.
| Isolauri, E., S. Salminen, and A. C. Ouwehand.  2004.  Probiotics.  Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology  18: 299-313.
| Kaizu, H., M. Sasaki, H. Nakajima, and Y. Suzuki.  1993.  Effect of antoixidative lactic acid bacteria on rats fed a diet deficient in vitamin E.  Journal of Dairy Science  76: 2493-2499.
| Kakkar, P., S. Mehrotra, and P. N. Viswanathan.  1998.  Influence of antioxidants on the peroxidative swelling of mitochrondria in vitro.  Cell Biology and Toxicology  14: 313-321.
| Kehrer, J. P.  1993.  Free radicals as mediators of tissue injury and disease.  Critical Reviews in Toxicology  23: 21-48.
| Khedkar, C. D., R. D Mantria, S. A. Kulkarni, and G. D. Khedkar.  1993.  Hypocholesterolemic effect of fermentation milks.  Cultured Dairy Products Journal  28: 176-181.
| Kilara, A., and K. M. Shahani.  1975.  Lactase activity of cultured and acidified dairy products.  Journal of Dairy Science  59: 2031-3035.
| Kim, M. R. and D. E. Sok.  1983.  Formation of 6,13-dihydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid isomers from γ-linolenic acid.  Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications  159: 1154-1160.
| Klaver, F. A. M., and R. van der Meer.  1997.  The assimilation of cholesterol by lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt deconjugating activity.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  59: 1120-1124.
| Kochnar, S. P., and J. B. Rossel.  1990.  Detection, estimation and evaluation of antioxidants in food systems.  pp. 19-64.  In “Food Antioxidant”  Elsevier Applied Science, New York, U.S.A.
| Kohen, R., Y. Yamamoto, K. Cundy, and B. Ames.  1988.  Antioxiant activity of carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine present in muscle and branin.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  85: 3175-3179.
| Konosu, S., K. Watanabe, and T. Shimizu.  1974.  Distribution of nitrogenous constituents in the muscle extracts of eight species of fish.  The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science  40: 909-914.
| Kopp-Hoolihan, L.  2001.  Prophylactic and therapeutic uses of probiotics: A review.  Journal of the American Dietetic Association  101: 229-241.
| Kowltovsky, A. J., and A. E. Vercesi.  1999.  Mitochondrial damage induced by conditions of oxidative stress.  Free Radical Biology and Medicine  26: 463-471.
| Kulkarni, J. S., and A. Khanna.  2006.  Functional hepatocyte-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells: A novel in vitro hepatotoxicity model for drug screening.  Toxicology in Vitro  20: 1014-1022.
| Kuo, J. M., D. B. Yen, and B. S. Pan.  1999.  Rapid photometric assay evaluating antioxidative activity in edible plant material.  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry  47: 3206-3209.
| Laemmli, U. K.  1970.  Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head bacteriophage T4.  Nature  277: 680-685.
| Larson, R. A.  1988.  The antioxidants of higher plant.  Phytochemistry  27: 969-978.
| Lee, Y. K., and S. Salminen.  1995.  The coming of age of probiotics.  Trends in Food Science and Technology  6: 241-245.
| Leinsoo, T. A., H. Abe, and A. A. Boldyrev.  2006.  Carnosine and related compounds protect the double-chain DNA from oxidative damages.  Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology  42: 570-574.
| Letteron, P., G. Labbe, C. Degott, A. Berson, B. Fromenty, M. Delaforge, D. Larrey, and D. Pessayre.  1990.  Mechanism for the protective effects of silymarin against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity in mice.  Biochemical Pharmacology  12: 2027-2034.
| Li, G. H., G. W. Le, Y. H. Shi, and S. Shrestha.  2004.  Angiotensin I- converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from food proteins and their physiological and pharmacological effects.  Nutrition Research  24: 469-486.
| Lidbeck, A., C. E. Nord, J. A. Gustafsson, and J. Rafter.  1992.  Lactobacilli, anticarcinogenic activities and human intestinal microflora.  European Journal of Cancer  1: 341-353.
| Lilly, D. M., and R. H. Stillwell.  1965.  Probiotics: Growth promoting factors produced by microorganisms.  Science  147: 747-748.
| Lijinsky, W.  1991.  The formation and occurrence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons associated with food.  Mutation Research  3: 87-103.
| Lin, J.M., C. C. Lin, H. F. Chiu, J. J. Yang, and S. G. Lee.  1993.  Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and liver-protective effects of Anoectochilus formosanus, Ganoderma lucidum and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in rats.  The American Journal of Chinese Medicine  21: 59-69.
| Lin, M. Y., and C. L. Yen.  1999.  Antioxidation ability of lactic acid bacteria.  Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry  47: 1460-1466.
| Lin, M. Y., and F. J. Chang.  2000.  Antioxidative effect of intestinal bacteria Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15708 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences  45: 1617-1622.
| Loeckie, L. Z., J. H. Meerman, J. N. Commandeur, and N. P. Vermeulen.  1999.  Biomarkers of free radical damage applications in experimental animals and in humans.  Free Radical Biology and Medicine  26: 202-226.
| López-Hernández, F. J., and J. M. López-Novoa.  2006.  The lord of the ring: Mandatory role of the kidney in drug therapy of hypertension.  Pharmacology and Therapeutic  111: 53-80.
| Lourens-Hattingh, A., and B. C. Viljoen.  2001.  Yogurt as probiotic carrier food.  International Dairy Journal  11: 1-17.
| Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosbrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall.  1951.  Proteine in measurent with the folin phenol reagent.  The Journal of Biological Chemistry  193: 265-275.
| Maoka, T., Y. Fujiwara, K. Hashimoto, and N. Akimoto.  2005.  Carotenoids in three species of Corbicula japonica, Corbicula sandai, and Corbicula sp. (Chinese freshwater corbicula clam).  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry  53: 8357-8364.
| Maron, R. M., and B. N. Ames.  1983.  Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test.  Mutation Research  113: 173-215.
| Maruyama, S., K. Nakagomi, N. Tomizuka, and H. Suzuki.  1985.  Angiotensin I-coverting enzyme inhibitor derived from an enzymatic hydrolysated of casein. II. Isolation and bradykinin-potentiating activity on the uterus and the ileum of rats.  Agricultural and Biological Chemistry  49: 1405-1409.
| Masuda, O., Y. Nakamura, and T. Takano.  1996.  Antihypertensive peptides are present in aorta after oral administration of sour milk containing these peptides to spontaneously hypertensive rats.  The Journal of Nutrition  126: 3063-3068.
| Matar, C., S. S. Nadathur, A. T. Bakalinsky, and J. Goulet.  1997.  Antimutagenic effects of milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus L89 and a protease-deficient derivative.  Journal of Dairy Science  80: 1965-1970.
| Matsumoto, K., A. Ogikubo, T. Yoshino, T. Matsui, and Y. Osajima.  1994.  Separation and purification of angiotensin I converting enzyme Inhibitory peptide in peptic hydrolyzate of oyster.  Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi  41: 589-594.
| McKenzie, R. C., T. S. Rafferty, and G. J. Beckett.  1998.  Selenium: An essential element for immune function.  Immunology Today  19: 342-345.
| Meilgaad, M., G. V. Civille, and B. T. Carr.  1991.  Sensory Evaluation Techniques.  3rd ed.  CRC-Press, New York, U.S.A.
| Meinrad, B., W. D. W. Lutz, B. Eberhard, and S. Andreas.  2001.  Mechanism of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.  Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C  56: 649-659.
| Nagai, T., and T. Yukimoto.  2003.  Preparation and functional properties of beverages made from sea algae.  Food Chemistry  81: 327-332.
| Nakama, A., K. Kuroda, and A. Yamada.  1995.  Induction of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase in serum-free cultured Hep G2 cells.  Biochemical Pharmacology  50: 1407-1412.
| Nakamura, Y., N. Yamaoto, K. Sakai, A. Okubo, S. Ymazaki, and T. Takano.  1995.  Purification and characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors from a sour milk.  Journal of Dairy Science  78: 777-783.
| Nalwaya, N., and W. M. Deen.  2004.  Peroxynitrite exposure of cells cocultured with macrophages.  Annals of Biomedical Engineering  32: 664-676.
| Namiki, M.  1990.  Antioxidants/antimutagens in food.  Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition  29: 273-300.
| Neufeld, D. S., and S. H. Wright.  1996.  Response of cell volume in mytilus gill to acute salinity change.  The Journal of Experimental Biology  199: 473-484.
| Neuhoff, V., N. Arold, D. Taube, and W. Ehrhardt.  1988.  Improved staining of proteins in polyacrylaminde gel including isoelectric focusing gels with clear background at nanogram sensitivity using coomassie brilliant blue G-250 and R-250.  Electrophoresis  9:  255-262.
| Neuman, M.G., G. Koren, and C. Tiribelli.  1993.  In vitro assessment of the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity on Hep G2 cell line.  Biochemical Biophysical Research Communication  197: 932–941.
| Norred, W. P., and K. A. Voss.  1994.  Toxicity and role of fumonisins in animal diseases and human esophageal cancer.  Journal of Food Protection  57: 522-527.
| Obrosova, I. G., L. Fathallah, and M. J. Stevens.  2001.  Taurine ounteracts oxidative stress and nerve growth factor deficit in early experimental diabetic neuropathy.  Experimental Neurology  172: 211-219.
| Ouwehand, A. C., E. Isolauri, P. V. Kirjavainen, S. Tölkkö, and S. J. Salmined.  2000.  The mucus binding of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 is enhanced in the presence of Lactobacillus GG and Lactobacillus delbureckii subsp. bulgaricus.  Letters in Applied Microbiology  30: 10-13.
| Oyaizu, M.  1988.  Antioxidative activities of browning products of glucosamine fractionated by organic solvent and thin-layer chromatography.  Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi  35: 771-775.
| Panesar, P., J. F. Kennedy, D. N. Gandhi, and K. Bunko.  2007.  Bioutilisation of whey for lactic acid production.  Food Chemistry  105: 1-14.
| Parker, R. B.  1974.  Probiotics, the other half of the antibiotic story.  Animal Nutrition and Health  29: 4-8.
| Pedersen, B.  1994.  Removing bittemess from protein hydrolysates.  Food Technology  48: 96-98.
| Pokorný, J.  1991.  Natural antioxidants for food use.  Trends in Food Science and Technology  2: 223-227.
| Quinn, P. J., A. A. Boldyrev, and V. E. Formazuyk.  1992.  Carnosine: Its properties, functions and potential therapeutic applications.  Molecular Aspects of Medicine  13: 379-444.
| Reid, G.  1999.  The scientific basis for probiotic strains of Lactobacillus.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  65: 3763-3766.
| Renner, H. W., and R. Mũnzner.  1991.  The possible role of probiotics as dietary antimutagens.  Mutation Research  262: 239-245.
| Reznik, A. Z., and L. Packer.  1994.  Oxidative damage to proteins: Spectrophotometric method for carbonyl assay.  Methods in Enzymology  233: 357-363.
| Ross R. P., S. Morgan, and C. Hill.  2002.  Preservation and fermentation: Past, present and future.  International Journal of Food Microbiology  79: 3-16.
| Roy, M. K., Y. Kuwabara, K. Hara, Y. Watanabe, and Y. Tamai.  2002.  Antimutagenic effect of amino acids on the mutagenicity of N-methy-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG).  Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry  66: 1400-1402.
| Saito, Y., K. Wanezaki, A. Kawato, and S. Imayasu.  1994.  Antihypertensive effects of peptides in sake and its byproducts on spontaneously hypertensive rats.  Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry  58: 812-816.
| Sanders, M. E., D. C. Walker, K. M. Walker, K. Aoyama, and T. R. Klaenhammer.  1996.  Performance of commercial cultures in fluid milk applications.  Journal of Dairy Science  79: 943-955.
| SAS.  1999.  SAS/GRAPH User’s Guide 6.03ed.  SAS Institute Inc., Cary, U.S.A.
| Saul, R., and B. N. Ames.  1986.  Background levels of DNA damage in the population.  Basic Life Science  38: 529-535.
| Seppo, L., J. Tiina, P. Tuija, and K. Riitta.  2003.  A fermented milk high in bioactive peptides has a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects.  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition  77: 326-330.
| Shalev E., S. Battino, E. Weiner, R. Colodner, and Y. Keness.  1996.  Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus compared with pasteurized yogurt as a prophylaxis for recurrent candida vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis.  Archives of Family Medicine  5: 593-596.
| Shigenaga, M. K., T. M. Hagen, and B. N. Ames.  1994.  Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  91: 10771-10778.
| Shimada, K., K. Fujihawa, K. Yahara, and T. Nakamura.  1992.  Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the antiozidation of soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion.  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry  40: 945-948.
| Shpigun, L. K., M. A. Arharova, K. Z. Brainina, and A. V. Ivanova.  2006.  Flow injection potentiometric determination of total antioxidant activity of plant extracts.  Analytica Chimica Acta  573-574: 419-426.
| Sies, H.  1991.  Oxidative stress: From basic research to clinical application.  The American Journal of Medicine  91: 31-38.
| Simic, M. G.  1988.  Mechanisms of inhibition of free-radical processes in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.  Mutation Research  202: 377-386.
| Skog, K. I., M. A. E. Johansson, and M. I. Jagerstad.  1998.  Carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in model systems and cooked food: A review on formation, occurrence and intake.  Food Chemistry Toxicology  36: 879-896.
| Slater, T. F.  1984.  Free radical mechanisms in tissue injury.  The Biochemical Journal  222: 1-5.
| Smith, M. A., and G. Perry.  1995.  Free radical damage, iron, and Alzheimer’s disease.  Journal of the Neurological Sciences  134: 92-94.
| Stadtman, E. R.  1992.  Protein oxidation and aging.  Science  257: 1220-1224.
| Stiles, M. E., and W. H. Holzapfel.  1997.  Lactic acid bacteria of foods and their current taxonomy.  International Journal of Food Microbiology  36: 1-29.
| Suetsuna, K.  2002.  Identification of antihypertensive peptides from peptic digest of the short-necked clam tapes philippinarum and the pearl oyster pinctada fucata martensii.  Fisheries Science  68: 233-235.
| Suetsuna, K., K. Maekawab, and J. R. Chenc.  2004.  Antihypertensive effects of Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) peptide on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.  The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry  15: 267-272.
| Suetsuna, K., M. Yamagami, and K. Kuwata.  1988.  Inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme of peptides originating from fish and shellfish muscle.  Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi  54: 1853-1856.
| Sugimura, T. 1982.  Mutagens, carcinogens, and tumour promoters in our dairy food.  Cancer  49: 1970-1983.
| Sugita, M., O. Itasaka, and T. Hori.  1976.  Branched long-chain bases from the bivalve Corbicula sandai.  Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 16: 1-8 .
| Sugita, M., S. Shirai, O. Itasaka, and T. Hori.  1975.  Neutral glycosphingolipids containing mannose from the bivalve Corbicula sandai.  Journal of Biochemistry  77: 125-130.
| Tanaka, K., M. Fukuda, I. Ikeda, and M. Sugano.  1994.  Effects of dietary short-necked clam, Tapes japonica, on serum and liver cholesterol levels in mice.  Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology  40: 325:333.
| Timmerman, H. M., C. J. M. Koning, L. Mulder, F. M. Rombouts, and A. C. Beynen.  2004.  Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics-A comparison of functionality and efficacy.  International Journal of Food Microbiology  96: 219-233.
| Tortora, G. J., B. R. Funke, and C. L. Case.  2004.  Microbiology: An Introduction.  8th Ed.  Pearson Education, Inc., San Francisco, U.S.A.
| Turesky, R. J.  2007.  Formation and biochemistry of carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines in cooked meats.  Toxicology Letters  168: 219-227.
| Twomey, D., R. P. Ross, M. Ryan, B. Meaney, and C. Hill.  2002.  Lantibiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria:  Structure, function and applications.  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek  82: 165-185.
| Valentin-Severin, I., L. L. Hegarat, J. C. Lhuguenot, A. M. L. Bon, and M. C. Chagnon.  2003.  Use of HepG2 cell line for direct or indirect mutagens screening: Comparative investigation between comet and micronucleus assays.  Mutation Research  536: 79-90.
| Weber, W. D., M. Boll, and A. Stampfl.  2003.  Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of haloalkanes: Carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model.  Critical Reviews in Toxicoology  33: 105-136.
| William, A. G., X. Felipe, and J. M. Banks.  1998.  Aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase activity of Lactobacillus spp. and non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) isolated from Cheddar cheese.  International Dairy Journal  8: 255-266.
| Wills, E. D.  1965.  Mechanisms of lipid peroxide formation in tissues Role of metals and haematin proteins in the catalysis of the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism  98: 238-251.
| Wiseman H., and B. Halliwell.  1996.  Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer.  Biochemical Journal  313: 17-29.
| Wisselink, H. W., R. A. Weusthuis, G. Eggink, J. Hugenholtz, and G. J. Grobben.  2002.  Mannitol production by lactic acid bacteria: A review.  International Dairy Journal  12: 151-161.
| Wollowski I., G. Rechkemmer, and B. L. Pool-Zobel.  2001.  Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer.  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition  73: 451-455.
| Wood, B. J. B.  1992.  The lactic acid bacteria in health and disease.  pp. vii-x.  In “The Lactic Acid Bacteria, Vol. 1.”  Elservier, New York, U.S.A.
| Wu, J. B., W. L. Lin, C. C. Hsieh, H. Y. Ho, H. S. Tsay, and W. C. Lin.  2007.  The hepatoprotective activity of kinsenoside from Anoectochilus formosanus.  Phytotherapy Research  21: 58-61.
| Yamamoto, N.  1997.  Antihypertensive peptides derived from food proteins.  Biopolymers  43: 129-134.
| Yamamoto, N., A. Akino, and T. Takano.  1994.  Antihypertensive effect of the peptides derived from casein by an extracelluar proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus CP790.  Journal of Dairy Science  77: 917-922.
| Yamauchi, F., J. R. Chen, K. Muramoto, S. Iwabuchi, M. Asano, and K. Suetsuna.  1994.  Isolation and utilization of the protein from OKARA.  Report of the Soy Protein Research Committee  15: 22-27.
| Yan, X., T. Nagata, and X. Fan.  1998.  Antioxidative activities in some common seaweeds.  Plant Foods for Human Nutrition  52: 253-262.
| Yeh, F. S., M. C. Yu, C. C. Mo, S. Luo, M. J. Tong, and B. E. Henderson.  1989.  Hepatitis B virus, aflatoxins, and hepatocellular carcinoma in southern Guangxi, China.  Cancer Research  49: 771-776.
| Yen, G. C., and H. Y. Chen.  1995. Antioxidant activity of various tea extract in relation to their antimutagenicity.  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry  43: 27-32.
| Yin, L. J., and S. T. Jiang.  2001.  Pediococcus pentosaceus L and S utilization in fermentation and storage of mackerel sausage.  Journal of Food Science  66: 742-746.
| Yin, L. J., C. L. Pan, and S. T. Jiang.  2002a.  Lactic acid bacterial fermentation effect on the characteristics of mackerel mince.  Journal of Food Science  67: 786-792.
| Yin, L. J., C. L. Pan, and S. T. Jiang.  2002b.  New technology for producing paste-like fish products using lactic acid bacteria fermentation.  Journal of Food Science  67: 3114-3118.
| Ziemer, C. J., and G. R. Gibson.  1998.  An overview of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in the functional food concept: Perspectives and future strategies.  International Dairy Journal  8: 473-479.
| Zimmerman, H. J.  1978.  Drug-induced liver disease.  Drugs  16: 25-45.
|

|

預覽及輸出檢索結果

記錄

欄位

| 本頁 1 筆
| 記錄 13 至 32
| 選擇之記錄

| 標題
| 全部欄位
| selected fields new window
| APA Style
| Chicago Style
| MLA Style
| CNS-13611 Style
| EndNote Style

e-mail 地址 | : |
e-mail 標題 | : |

| | |

系統規劃：海洋大學圖書館
系統製作：飛資得資訊有限公司

2010 年 3 月 8 日 22:57