:::

| | | | | | 第 | | 筆

詳目顯示區塊

第 3 筆
| (以作者名查詢海洋大學圖書館館藏系統)
| (以作者名查詢全國圖書書目資訊網)
| (以作者名查詢全國博碩士系統)
論文名稱: | Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF108 之 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因轉殖至乳酸菌及乳酸菌發酵含山藥藻類寡醣乳製品之探討
| Studies on Cloning and Expression of MAEF108 Agarase AS-IIIb Gene from Aeromonas salmonicida to Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented with Yam and Algal Oligosaccharides Dairy Product
研究生: | 陳柏璇 Po-Hsuan Chen
指導教授: | 潘崇良 Chorng-Liang Pan
學位類別: | 碩士
學校名稱: | 國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱: | 食品科學系
學號: | M97320006
畢業學年度: | 98
語文別: | 中文
關鍵字: | Agarase AS-IIIb 基因 Agarase AS-IIIb gene
| 乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria
| 山藥 Yam
| 藻類寡醣 Algal Oligosaccharides
| Lactococcus lactis 控制 nisin 基因表現系統 Nisin controlled gene expression system
全文點閱次數: | 2

全文影像連結:

論文全文(pdf)

論文頁數: | 116
摘要: | 本研究之目的在於探討利用食品級載體 pNZ8149 和 TA-cloning，將革蘭氏陰性菌 A. salmonicida MAEF108 之 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因轉殖至乳酸菌 Lc. lactis NZ3900 和大腸桿菌 E. coli DH5 表現系統中，做為未來以 Agarase 降解山藥所得之寡醣添加至發酵乳製品之研發基礎，並以三組乳酸菌酛生產發酵含基隆山藥和青海菜寡醣 (M. nitidum oligosaccharides, MnOS) 之乳製品及暸解儲藏期間之變化。分別對 Lc. lactis subsp. lactis BCRC 10791、BCRC 12322、與 LM2301 進行突變與篩選，共篩得 48 株乳酸菌宿主接受細胞 (lac- 和 nisr)，將質體 pNZ8149 電穿孔法轉形至宿主接受細胞，初步已篩得 10 株乳酸菌轉形株。依 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因序列設計不同限制酶切位之專一性引子，成功擴增 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因序列，利用 TA-cloning 方法構築，以電穿孔法和熱休克法轉形至 E. coli DH5中，成功得到轉殖株。將 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因和載體 pNZ8149，經限制酶和 T4 polymerase 反應處理及使用乳酸菌 NZ3900 表現系統，成功得到三株 rAS-IIIb 轉殖株，命名為 L-aga I、L-aga II、和 L-aga III，並測得胞外酵素活性為 0.2-3.8 U/mL，胞內酵素活性為 0.2-0.3 U/mL。以四組酵素組合降解 2% 山藥熱萃液，分別反應 1 和 6 hr 後，A 組: MAEF108 + MA103-crude agarases、B 組: MA103 澱粉誘導粗酵素液、和 C 組: MA103 褐藻膠誘導粗酵素液皆可得到大於乳糖之寡醣分子，D 組: 市售 agarase 則可得到之醣類大小與 galactose、maltose 相似。以三組乳酸菌酛: Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 + BCRC 10069、Ped. pentosaceus MFS + MFL、以及 Lb. bulgaricus BCRC 10696 + Strep. thermophilus BCRC 12268 發酵含基隆山藥乳製品，發酵 24 hr 後皆達到發酵終點 pH 4.6 以下，乳酸菌數 8.53-9.47 CFU/mL 和可滴定酸度 0.87%-1.23% 皆有上升的趨勢。以二組乳酸菌酛: Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 + BCRC 10069 以及 Ped. pentosaceus MFS + MFL 發酵含基隆山藥及青海菜寡醣乳製品，發酵 12 hr 後皆達到發酵終點 pH 4.6 以下，乳酸菌數 10.19-11.56 CFU/mL 和可滴定酸度 0.64%-0.76% 皆有上升的趨勢。於發酵期間內黴菌和酵母菌及大腸桿菌群則均未被檢出。基隆山藥發酵乳製品和含基隆山藥及青海菜寡醣發酵乳製品於 4oC 下儲藏 14 天過程中之 pH 值和乳酸菌量隨時間增加持續降低，可滴定酸度則會上升，而黴菌和酵母菌及大腸桿菌群於儲藏期間均未被檢出。
| The object of this study was using TA-cloning to clone gram negative Agarase gene AS-IIIb into lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with food grade vector pNZ8149 of Lactococcus lactis express system. Another way utilized LAB to ferment Keelung yam and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharides (MnOS) cultured milk and examined the effect of their storage period at 4oC. 48 lactic acid bacteria mutant were found from Lc. lactis subsp. lactis BCRC 10791, BCRC 12322, and LM2301. 10 LAB survived after the protoplast electroporated to lactis acid host cell. Specific primers include restricted enzyme were designed to clone the Agerase AS-IIIb gene into E.coli DH5 by TA-cloning,used heat shock and electroporated to obtained AS-IIIb clone. By using lactic acid bacteria expression system and restriction enzyme SpeI, SacI with T4 polymerase mothed, three rAS-IIIb clones L-aga I, L-aga II, and L-aga III were contructed; both have extra- and intra-cellular agarase activity, but the extracellular agarase activity is too low to be detected. Hot water extact yam solution degraded by used four group, A: MAEF108 + MA103-crude agarases, B: MA103-crude amylase, C: MA103-crude alginate lyase, and D: commeicial agarase. group A, B, C to obtained oligosaccharides that molecular weight larger than lactose after reacting 1 and 6 hr, commeicial agarase group to obtained saccharides similar to galactose and maltose. In the fermentation experiment, yam cultured milk was fermented by Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 + BCRC 10069, Ped. pentosaceus MFS + MFL, and Lb. bulgaricus BCRC 10696 + Strep. thermophilus BCRC 12268, respectively. The pH could reach 4.6 in 24 hr, LAB counts were 8.53-9.47 CFU/mL and titratable acidity rised 0.87%-1.23%. The pH of yam and MnOS cultured milk by Lb. plantarum BCRC 10069 + 12250 group and Ped. pentosaceus MFL + MFS group could reach 4.6 in 12 hr, LAB counts were 10.19-11.52 log CFU/mL, titratable acidity rised 0.64-0.76%. Both mold/yeast count and coliforms count have not been detected during the fermentation period. In the storage period at 4oC experiment of yam cultured milk and yam with MnOS cultured milk, the lactic acid bacteria and pH value decreased and titratable acidity increased after 14 days. Both mold/yeast count and coliforms count have not been detected during the storage period at 4oC.
論文目次: | 目錄    i
| 表目錄    vi
| 圖目錄    viii
| 附錄目錄    x
| 中文摘要    xi
| 英文摘要 (Abstract)    xi
| 壹、前言    01
| 貳、文獻整理    03
| 一、    洋菜的構造與特性    03
| 二、    洋菜酶    03
| 三、    洋菜酶生產菌株及其分離來源    04
| 四、    洋菜酶之生化特性    05
| IV-1. 溫度和 pH 值    05
| IV-2. 分子質量    06
| IV-3. 金屬離子    07
| 五、    洋菜酶基因的選殖    08
| V-1. 大腸桿菌作為宿主之轉殖系統    08
| V-2. 酵母菌作為宿主之轉殖系統    09
| 六、    乳酸菌    09
| VI-1. 乳酸菌的定義    09
| VI-2. 益生菌    10
| VI-3. 乳酸菌之生理活性    10
| VI-4. Lactococcus lactis 控制 nisin 基因表現系統    13
| VI-4-A.    Nisin    13
| VI-4-B. 宿主細胞    14
| VI-4-C. 質體    15
| 七、    山藥    16
| VII-1. 營養成分    16
| VII-2. 生理活性    18
| 八、    藻類多醣      19
| VIII-1. 青海菜      19
| 九、    藻類寡醣生理活性      20
| IX-1. 免疫性      20
| IX-2. 益菌性      21
| IX-3. 抗氧化活性與護肝作用      21
| IX-4. 抗凝血活性      22
| IX-5. 調解免疫活性與抗腫瘤      23
| 十、海藻寡醣組成成分鑑定      23
| X-1. 薄層層析法 (Thin-layer chromatography, TLC )      23
| X-2. 高效能液相層析法 (High-performance liquid chromato-
| graphy, HPLC)      24
| 十一、    乳酸菌及其發酵製品之抗氧化    24
| 十二、乳酸菌及其發酵製品之抗致突變性    25
| 參、實驗設計    27
| 肆、實驗材料與方法    28
| 一、實驗材料    28
| I-1. 實驗菌株    28
| I-2. 試驗藥品    28
| I-2-A.    藥品    28
| I-2-B.    載體    30
| I-2-C.    宿主細胞    30
| I-2-D.    引子    30
| I-2-E.    聚合酶鏈鎖反應試劑    30
| I-2-F.    限制酶及蛋白酶抑制劑    30
| I-2-G.        DNA 及藍白篩選萃取純化套組試劑    31
| I-2-H.        電泳標準品    31
| I-2-I.      DNS 溶液    31
| I-2-I.    培養基組成    31
| I-2-J.    電泳膠片配置      33
| I-2-K.    電泳溶液      34
| I-2-L.    無菌過濾      34
| I-3. 儀器設備    34
| 二、實驗方法    35
| II-1. 菌株保存與活化    35
| II-1-A. 菌株保存    35
| II-1-B. 菌株活化    36
| II-2. Agarase AS-IIIb 基因以乳酸菌系統進行轉殖    37
| II-2-A.    MAEF108染色體 DNA 的萃取純化    37
| II-2-B. 乳酸菌質體 DNA 的萃取純化    37
| II-2-C. 挑選與調整乳酸菌宿主接受細胞    41
| II-2-C-a. 挑選 lac- 和 nisr 之乳酸菌宿主細胞    41
| II-2-D. 引子設計    41
| II-2-E.    PCR    41
| II-2-F.    pNZ8149 載體轉殖步驟    42
| II-2-G.    原生質體製作    43
| II-2-H.    電穿孔轉形    44
| II-3. Agarase AS-IIIb 基因以 TA-cloning 進行轉殖    45
| II-3-A. MAEF108染色體 DNA 的萃取純化    44
| II-3-B. 引子設計    44
| II-3-C.    PCR    44
| II-3-D.    TA-cloning    45
| II-3-E.    E. coli 勝任細胞 (competent cell) 製作    46
| II-3-F.    熱休克 (heat shock) 轉形    47
| II-3-G. 利用 PCR 確認插入之基因片段大小    47
| II-3-H.    DNA 序列比對    48
| II-4.    Recombinant Agarase AS-IIIb的誘導表現    48
| II-4-A. 胞內及胞外粗酵素液之萃取    49
| II-4-B. 洋菜酶活性測定    49
| II-5. 經不同酵素降解之山藥熱萃液製備及分析    49
| II-5-A.    山藥熱萃液之製備    49
| II-5-B.    洋菜酶之生產    49
| II-5-C.    澱粉酶之生產    50
| II-5-D.    褐藻膠裂解酶之生產    50
| II-5-E.    不同酵素降解之山藥熱萃液製備    50
| II-5-F.    薄層層析法 (TLC)    50
| II-6. 山藥發酵產品與山藥和海藻寡醣發酵產品之製備    51
| II-6-A. 菌株之保存    51
| II-6-B. 菌株之活化    51
| II-6-C. 山藥發酵乳製品的製備    51
| II-6-D. 山藥和海藻寡醣發酵乳製品的製備    52
| II-6-E.    pH 值之測定    53
| II-6-F. 可滴定酸度之測定    53
| II-6-G. 微生物品質測定    53
| II-6-H. 儲藏試驗    54
| 伍、結果與討論    55
| V-1. 篩選乳酸菌宿主接受細胞及乳酸菌質體 DNA 萃取
| 方法之探討    55
| V-2. Agarase 之基因轉殖    55
| V-2-A. Agarase AS-IIIb 基因乳酸菌系統轉殖與表現    55
| V-2-B. Agarase AS-IIIb 基因大腸桿菌系統轉殖    56
| V-3. 以不同酵素組合降解山藥熱萃液之醣類分析    56
| V-4. 乳酸菌發酵含基隆山藥之乳製品    57
| V-5. 含基隆山藥乳製品經乳酸菌發酵後之儲藏試驗    58
| V-6. 乳酸菌發酵含基隆山藥以及不同青海菜寡醣之乳製品    59
| V-7. 含基隆山藥以及青海菜寡醣乳製品經乳酸菌發酵後之
| 儲藏試驗    60
| 陸、結論    61
| 柒、參考文獻    63
| 捌、附錄    108
|
|
| 表目錄
|
| 表 1、    實驗所用 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因寡核苷酸引子組      79
| 表 2、    Agarase rAS-IIIb 基因其胞內和胞外酵素活性之表現      80
| 表 3、    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 及 BCRC 10069 發酵含
| 山藥乳製品之 pH 值、可滴定酸度、與微生物菌數變化      81
| 表 4、    以 Ped. pentosaceus MFL 及 MFS 發酵含山藥乳製品
| 之 pH 值、可滴定酸度、與微生物菌數變化      82
| 表 5、    以 Lb. bulgaricus BCRC 10696 及 Strep. thermophilus BCRC 12268 發酵含山藥乳製品之 pH 值、可滴定酸度、與微生物菌數變化      83
| 表 6、    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 及 BCRC 10069 發酵含
| 山藥乳製品於 4oC 儲藏期間之 pH 值、可滴定酸度、與
| 微生物菌數變化      84
| 表 7、    以 Ped. pentosaceus MFL 及 MFS 發酵含山藥乳製品
| 於 4oC 儲藏期間之 pH 值、可滴定酸度、與微生物菌數
| 變化    85
| 表 8、    以 Lb. bulgaricus BCRC 10696 及 Strep. thermophilus BCRC 12268 發酵含山藥乳製品於 4oC 儲藏期間之
| pH 值、可滴定酸度、與微生物菌數變化      86
| 表 9、    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 及 BCRC 10069 發酵含
| 山藥及青海菜寡醣乳製品之 pH 值、可滴定酸度、與
| 微生物菌數變化      87
| 表 10、        以 Ped. pentosaceus MFL 及 MFS 發酵含山藥及青海菜
| 寡醣乳製品之 pH 值、可滴定酸度、與微生物菌數變化      88
| 表 11、    以 Lb. plantarum BCRC 12250 及 BCRC 10069 發酵含
| 山藥及青海菜寡醣乳製品於 4oC 儲藏期間之 pH 值、
| 可滴定酸度、與微生物菌數變化      89
| 表 12、    以 Ped. pentosaceus MFL 及 MFS 發酵含山藥及青海菜
| 寡醣乳製品於 4oC 儲藏期間之 pH 值、可滴定酸度、與
| 微生物菌數變化      90
|
| 圖目錄
|
| 圖一、    乳酸菌質體 DNA 其 1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      91
| 圖二、        黏合溫度為 50oC 之 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因 PCR
| 產物之其 1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      92
| 圖三、    黏合溫度為 52.5oC 之 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因 PCR
| 產物之其 1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      93
| 圖四、        黏合溫度為 55oC 之 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因 PCR
| 產物之其1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      94
| 圖五、        使用第二組和第三組引子對之 Agarase AS-IIIb
| 基因 PCR 產物其1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      95
| 圖六、        使用第一組引子對含有 SpeI 和 SacI 限制酶切位
| 之 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因經 TA-cloning 與藍白篩選
| 之 PCR 產物其 1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      96
| 圖七、        使用第二組引子對含有 NcoI 和 XbaI 限制酶切位
| 之 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因經 TA-cloning 與藍白篩選
| 之 PCR 產物其 1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      97
| 圖八、        Agarase AS-IIIb 轉殖株 L-aga I、L-aga II、和 L-aga
| III 之 clone 其lacF- 基因之表現確認      98
| 圖九之一、    使用第三組引子對含有 NcoI 和 XbaI 限制酶切位
| 之 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因經 TA-cloning 與藍白篩選
| 之 PCR 產物其 1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      99
| 圖九之二、        使用第三組引子對含有 NcoI 和 XbaI 限制酶切位
| 之 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因經 TA-cloning 與藍白篩選
| 之 PCR 產物其 1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      100
| 圖十、        Agarase AS-IIIb 基因 PCR 產物經限制酶剪切
| 之 1% 洋菜糖膠電泳分析      101
| 圖十一、    質體 pNZ8149 經限制酶剪切之 1% 洋菜糖膠電泳
| 分析      102
| 圖十二、        未經酵素降解之山藥熱萃液其薄層色層分析圖譜      103
| 圖十三、    經 MAEF108 和 MA103-crude agarases 降解之
| 山藥熱萃液其薄層色層分析圖譜      104
| 圖十四、    經 MA103 澱粉誘導粗酵素液降解之山藥熱萃液
| 其薄層色層分析圖譜      105
| 圖十五、        經 MA103 褐藻膠誘導粗酵素液降解之山藥熱萃
| 液其薄層色層分析圖譜      106
| 圖十六、        經市售 agarase降解之山藥熱萃液其薄層色層分析
| 圖譜      107
|
參考文獻: | 王長青。1995。長山藥中黏液質及其流變性特性的研究。食品與發酵工業。3:52-56。
| 中國國家標準 (CNS) N6057。1996。乳品檢驗法。經濟部標準檢驗局。臺北。台灣。
| 余雅雯。2007。台灣蜆煮汁液乳酸發酵產品之生產技術及其生理活性探討。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 林岑穎、施姵岑、王瓊誼、馮家輝、廖友豪、汪復進、潘崇良。2008b。海菜寡醣水解液之抗凝血活性之研究。臺灣農業化學會年會，p.90，(B13)，2008年6月30日，臺北。
| 吳紹祺。1999。海洋細菌所產 agarases 生產條件與海藻多醣經 agarase 分解所得寡醣類組成之探討。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 吳紹祺。2005。海藻多醣洋菜酶水解物及其發酵產物之生理活性研究。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系博士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 沈嘉琪。2003。山藥乳酸發酵液之抗氧化性和抗致突變性及對動物細胞生理活性之影響。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 施珊汶。2006。海帶多醣水解液乳酸發酵產物之生理活性探討。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 高炳煌。1996。中乳酸球菌Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CCRC 10791 質體 pL2 複製元之研究。臺北。臺灣。
| 張同吳。2003。山藥品種及利用之介紹。花蓮區農業專訊。49: 8-12
| 莊志仁。2005。食用膠之技術與應用。初版。華香園出版社。台北。台灣。pp. 48-50, 73-80。
| 高野俊明 。1998。乳酸菌保健營養效果之研究動向。生物產業。9: 46-50。
| 徐輝妃、黃鵬。1997。山藥的營養及保健價值與實用法介紹。花蓮區農業專訊。19: 7-9。
| 郭馨鎂。2006。海藻寡糖對雙叉桿菌之助生性及在發酵乳應用之研究。國立臺灣大學食品科技研究所碩士學位論文。臺北，臺灣。
| 郭馨鎂。2006。海藻寡糖對雙叉桿菌之助生性及在發酵乳應用之研究。國立臺灣大學食品科技研究所碩士學位論文。臺北，臺灣。
| 陳玉真。2004。乳酸菌發酵吳郭魚保健食品產製技術及生理活性之探討。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文，基隆，臺灣。
| 陳再發、紀美連、洗宜樂、薛月娥。1989。海菜化學組成、原料貯藏及加工之研究。臺水試澎所報彙集。8: 57-68。
| 陳明芬。2006。乳酸菌發酵山藥乳製品對三種雙醣酶抑制效果之探討。國立臺灣海洋大學十品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。台灣。
| 陳慶源、林富美。2004。益生菌之保健功能。食品工業。36: 1-3。
| 許志維。2008。Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF108 所產 Agarase AS-IIIb 基因轉殖至大腸桿菌與酵母菌及其表現。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 郭熙志、劉耀光、羅達。2004。以可轉化人工染色體 (TAC) 載體為基礎的百脈根基因組文庫的構建及篩選。植物生理與分子生物學學報。30: 234-238。
| 傅以中。2003。泡沬分離技術分離與回收基隆與陽明山 (原生種) 山藥黏質液中多醣及蛋白質與系統最適化之探討。台灣農業化學與食品科學。41: 325-335。
| 康新楷、潘崇良。2007。雙叉桿菌 (Bifidobacteria) 利用海菜與龍鬚菜寡多醣水解液做為 Prebiotics 之探討，臺灣保健食品學會年會，p. 63，(PA-038)，2007 年3 月2 日，臺北。
| 馮家輝。2008。探討 Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF108 所產 Agarase AS-I 之基因轉殖與特性。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆。臺灣。
| 黃崇真。2004。腸道微生物與益生菌。食品工業月刊。36: 4-15。
| 黃貴豪。1996。把新鮮營養及保健的山藥帶回家---訪省農試所農藝系山藥新品種台農二號育種專家劉新裕博士。豐年。46 (16)：10-11。
| 董麗娜、高鳳山、許崇波、胡桂學、江海龍。2008。表達株流行腹瀉病毒 COE 基因重組乳酸菌的構建與鑑定。畜牧獸醫學報。39: 1743-1747。
| 楊登傑。2003。臺灣產山藥的類固醇皂素及皂配基分析與加工處理對皂素之影響。國立臺灣大學食品科技研究所博士學位論文。臺北。
| 廖啟成。1998。乳酸菌之分類應用。食品工業。30: 1-10。
| 臺灣海藻資訊網。2007。何謂海藻。http://www.ntm.gov.tw/seaweeds/a/a1_01.asp (August 14, 2007, Taiwan)。
| 劉新裕、林義恭、賴瑞聲、王昭月。1990。保健植物山藥之安全性與機能性。農業世界。208: 50-56。
| 劉新裕、賴瑞聲、林義恭、陳淑芬、羅惠齡、王昭月、高瑞隆。2001。山藥之生產潛力與抗氧化酵素活性之比較。中華農業研究。50 (3): 50-56。
| 劉綉婷。2008。Pseudomonas vesicularis MA103 菌株所產 Agarase PV-1b 純化與基因選殖至大腸桿菌表現之探討。國立臺灣海洋大學食品科學系碩士學位論文，基隆，台灣。
| 謝孟荔。2004。乳酸菌與雙叉桿菌發酵豆奶之抗致突變性。國立臺灣大學食品科技研究所碩士學位論文，臺北，臺灣。
| 羅培仁。2003。雙叉桿菌對 Benzo[a]pyrene 之抗致突變性及機制。國立臺灣大學食品科技研究所博士學位論文。臺北。
| 龔財立、李穎宏、姜金龍。1995。栽培管內填充不同介質對長形山藥產量及品質之影響。台灣藥用植物資源之開發與利用研討會專刊。pp.125-134。
| Akalin, A. S., Gonc, S., and Duzel, S.  1997.  Influence of yogurt and acidophilus yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in mice.  Journal of Dairy Science  80: 2721-2725.
| Allouch, J., Jam, M., Helbert, W., Barbeyron, T., Kloareg, B., Henrissat, B., and Czjzek, M.  2003.  The three-dimensional structures of two -agarases.  Journal of Biological Chemistry  278: 47171-47180.
| Ames, B. N.    1983.    Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens.  Science  221: 1256-1264.
| Anderson, D. G., and McKay, L. L.  1983.  Simple and rapid method for isolating large plasmid DNA from lactic streptococci.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  46: 549-552.
| Araghiniknam, M., Chung, S., Nelson-white, T., Eskelson, C. and Watson, R. R.  1996.  Antioxidant activity of dioscorea and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in older humans.  Life Sciences  59: PL147-157.
| Araki, T., Hayakawa, M., Lu, Z., Karita, S., and Morishita, T.  1998.  Purification and characterization of agarases from a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. PO-303.  Journal of Marine Biotechnology  6: 260-265.
| Arunachalam, K. D.  1999.  Role of bifidobacteria in nutrition, medicine and technology.  Nutrition Research  19: 1559-1597.
| Athukorala, Y., Lee, K. W., and Song, C.  2003.  Potential antioxidant activity of marine red alga Grateloupia filicina extract.  Journal of Food Lipids  10: 251-265.
| Athukorala, Y., Lee, K-W., Kim, S-K., and Jeon, Y-J.  2007.  Anticoagulant activity of marine green and brown algae collected from Jeju Island in Korea.  Biotechnology  98: 1711-1716.
| Athukorala, Y., Jung, W-K., Vasanthan, T., and Jeon, Y-J.  2006.  An anticoagulative polysaccharide from an enzymatic hydrolysate of Ecklonia cava.  Carbohydrate Polymers  66: 184-191.
| Belas, R., Barlent, D., and Silverman, M.  1988.  Cloning and gene replacement mutagensis of a Pseudomonas atlantica agarase gene.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  54: 30-37.
| Bengmark, S.  2000.  Bacteria for optimal health.  Nutrition  16: 611-615.
| Boels, I. C., Beerthuyzen, M. M., Kosters, M. H. W., Van Kaauwen, M. P. W., Kleerebezem, M., and de Vos, W. M.  2004.  Identification and functional characterization of the Lactococcus lactis rfb operon, required for dTDP–rhamnose biosynthesis.  The Journal of Bacteriology  186: 1239-1248.
| Bron, P. A., Benchimol, M. G., Lambert, J., Palumbo, E., Deghorain, M., Delcour, J., Devos, W. M., Kleerebezem, M., and Hols, P.  2002.  Use of the alr gene as a food-grade selection marker in lactic acid bacteria.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  68: 5663-5670.
| Chen, H. L., Wang, C. H., and Chang, C. T.  2003a.  Effects of Taiwanese yam (Dioscrea alata L. cv. Tainung No. 2) on the mucosal hydrolase activities and lipid metabolism in Balb/c mice.  Nutrition Research  23: 791-801.
| Chen, H. L., Wang, C. H., Chang, C. T., and Wnng, T. C.  2003b.  Effects of Taiwanese yam (Dioscrea japonica Thun var. pseudojaponica Yamamoto) on upper gut function and lipid metabolism in Balb/c mice.  Nutrition Research  19: 646-651.
| Chen, H., Yan, X., Zhu, P., and Lin, J.  2006.  Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of agaro-oligosaccharides in vitro and in vivo.  Nutrition Journal  5: 31-43.
| Commane, D., Hughes, R., Shortt, C., and Rowland, I.  2005.  The potential mechanisms involved in the anti-carcinogenic action of probiotic.  Mutation Research  591: 276-289.
| Cushman, D. W. and Cheung, H. S.  1971.  Spectrophotometeric assayand properties of the angiotension-converting enzyme of rabbit lung.  Biochemistry of Phamacology  20: 1637-1648.
| de Ruyter, P. G., Kuipers, O. P., Beerthuyzen, M. M., Alen-Boerrigter, I., and de Vos, W. M.  1996a.  Functional analysis of promoters in the nisin gene cluster of Lactococcus lactis.  The Journal of Bacteriology  178: 3434-3439.
| de Ruyter, P. G., Kuipers, O. P., Meijer, W. C., and de Vos, W. M.  1997.  Foodgrade controlled lysis of Lactococcus lactis for accelerated cheese ripening.  Nature Biotechnology  15: 976-979.
| de Ruyter, P. G., Kuipers, O. P., and de Vos, W. M.  1996b.  Controlled gene expression systems for Lactococcus lactis with the food-grade inducer nisin.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  62: 3662-3667.
| de Vos, W. D.  1987.  Gene cloning and expression in lactic streptococci.  FEMS Microbiology Letters  46: 281-295.
| de Vos, W. M.  1999.  Safe and sustainable systems for food-grade fermentations by genetically modified lactic acid bacteria. International Dairy Journal  9: 3-10.
| Dewick, P.  1997.  The mevalonate pathway: Steroidal saponins. In: Medicinal Natural Products is a Biosynthetic Approach, 1st ed. pp. 218-223.  John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
| Dodd, H. M., and Gasson, M. J.  1994.  Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. In: Gasson MJ, de Vos WM (eds) Genetics and Biotechnology of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Blackie, London.
| Dong, M., Feng, X. Z., Wang, B. X., Wu, L. J., and Ikelima, T.  2001.  Two novel furostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Dioscorea panthaica prain et burkill and their cytotoxic activity.  Tetrahedron  57: 501-506.
| Dong, J., Hashikawa, S., Konishi, T., Tamaru, Y., and Araki, T.  2006.  Cloning of the novel gene encoding -agarase C from a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain PO-303, and characterization of the gene product.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  72: 6399-6401.
| Dong, J., Tamaru, Y., and Araki, T.  2007.  Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a -agarase gene, agaD, from marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain PO-303.  Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry  71: 38-46.
| Dubois, M., Gillles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., and Smith, F.  1956.  Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.  Analytical Chemistry  28: 350-356.
| Elliker, P. R., Anderson, A. W., and Hannesson, G.  1956.  An Agar culture medium for lactic acid streptococci and lactobacilli.  Journal of Dairy Science  39: 1611.
| Enzyme Nomenclature Database.  2008.  Agarase. http://ca.expasy.org/cgi-bin/enzyme-search-ful?agarase (June 30, 2008, USA).
| FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization).  2001.  Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria.  Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Cordoba, Argentina.
| FDA (Food and Drug Administration).  1998.  Bacteriological Analytical Manual.  8th ed.  FDA, Rockville, U.S.A.
| Fernandes, C. F., Shahani, K. M., and Amer, M. A.  1987.  Therapeutic role of dietary lactobacilli and lactobacilli fermented dairy products.  FEMS Microbiology Reviews  46: 343-356.
| Frank, A. E. and Clewell, D. B.  1981.  Evidence for a chromosome-borne resistsnce transposon (Tn916) in Streptococcus faecalis that is capable of “conjugal”transfer in the absence of a conjugative plasmid.  The Journal of Bacteriology  145: 494-502.
| Fuglsang, A.  2003.  Lactic acid bacteria as prime candidates for codon optimization.  Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications  312: 285-291.
| Fu, W., Han, B., Duan, D., Liu, W., and Wang, C.  2008  Purification and characterization of agarase from a marine bacterium Vibrio sp. F-6.  Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology  35:915-922.
| Gasson, M. J.  1983.  Plasmid complements of Streptococcus lactis NCDO 712 and other lactic streptococci after protoplastinduced curing.  The Journal of Bacteriology  154:1-9.
| Goldin, B. R., Gualtieri, L. J., and Moore, R. P.  1996.  The effect of Lactobacillus GG on the initiation and promotion of DMH-induced intestinal tumors in the rat.  Nutrition and Cancer  25: 197-204.
| Gupta, S. K., Bhattacharyya, T. K., and Ghosh, T. C.  2004.  Synonymous codon usage in Lactococcus lactis: mutational bias versus translational selection.  The Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics  21: 527-536.
| Ha, J. C., Kim , G. T., Kim, S. K., Oh, T. K., Yu, J. H., and Kong, I. S.  1997.  β-Agarase from Pseudomonas sp. W7: Purification of the recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli and the effects of salt on its activity.  Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology  26: 1-6.
| Harada, N., and M. Maeda.  1998.  Chemical structure of antithrombin-active rhamnan sulfate from Monostroma nitidum.  Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.  9: 1653-1659.
| Hasper, H. E., de Kruijff, B., and Breukink, E.  2004.  Assembly and stability of nisin-lipid II pores.  Biochemistry  43: 11567-11575.
| Hassairi, I., Amar, R. B., Nonus, M., and Gupta, B. B.  2001.  Production and separation of α-agarase from Alteromonas agarlyticus strain GJ1B.  Bioresource Technology  79: 47-51.
| Hikino, H. C., Konno, M., Takahashi, M., Murakami, Y., Kato, M., Karikura, M., and Hayashi, T.  1986.  Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of dioscorans A, B, C, D, E, and F; Glycans of Dioscorea japonica rhizophors.  Planta Medica  52: 168-171.
| Hirayama, K., and Rafter, J.  2000.  The role of probiotic bacteria in cancer prevention.  Microbes and Infection  2: 681-686.
| Hodgson, D. A., and Chater, K. F.  1981.  A chromosomal locus controlling extracellular agarase production by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), and its inactivation by chromosomal integration of plasmid SCP1.  Journal of General Microbiology  124: 339-348.
| Hoerr, R. A., and Bostwick, E. F.  2000.  Bioactive proteins and prebiotic bacteria: Modulators of nutritional health.  Nutrition  16: 711-713.
| Hooper, N. M.  1991.  Angiotensin converting enzyme: Implications from molecular biology for its physiological functions.  International Journal of Biochemistry  23: 641-647.
| Hosoda, A., Sakai, M., and Kanazawa, S.  2003.  Isolation and characterization of agar-degrading Paenibacillus spp. associated with the rhizosphere of Spinach.  Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry  67: 1048-1055.
| Hu, B., Gong, Q., Wang, Y., Ma, Y., Li, J., and Yu, W.  2006.  Prebiotic effects of neoagaro-oligosaccharides prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of agarose.  Anaerobe  12: 260-266.
| Hu, K., Aijun, D., Xingsheng, Y., Hisayoshi, K., and Shigeo, I.  1996. Antineoplastic agents; 1. Three spirostanol glycosides from rhizomes of Dioscorea collettii var. hypgluca.  Planta Medica  62: 573-575.
| Hu, K., Aijun, D., Xinsheng, Y., Hisayoshi, K., and Yong, K.  1999.  A new pregnane clyciside from Dioscorea cliiettii var. hypoglauca.  Journal of Natural Products  62: 299-301.
| Invitrogen Corporation.  2002.  pPICZ B Manual. http://tools.invitrogen.com/content/sfs/manuals/ppiczalpha_man.pdf (July 10, 2008, USA).
| Iwu, M.M., Okunji, C.O., Akah, P., Tempesta, M.S., and Corley, D.  1990. Dioscoretine: The hypoglycemic principle of Dioscorea dumetorum.  Planta Medica  56: 119-121.
| Iwu, M.M., Okunji, C.O., Ohiaeri, G.O., Akah, P., Corley, D., and Tempesta, M.S.  1990b.  Hypoglycaemic activity of Dioscoretine from tubes of Dioscorea dumetorum in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits.  Planta Medica  56: 264-267.
| Iwu, M.M.  1991.  Dioscoretine and its use as a hypoglycemic agent. Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Trademarks  5,019,580.
| Kazłowski, B., Kazłowska, K., Pan, C.-L., and Tsai, G.-J.  2008. Stimulation on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages by defined chain lengths oligosaccharides derived from Gracilaria tenuistipitata and Monostroma nitidum. May 8th to 9th, 2008. BT-03, p. 270. International Conference of Advanced Research on Marine Bioresources, Keelung, Taiwan, R. O. C. (International Symposium Poster)
| Kang, N. Y., Choi, Y. L., Cho, Y. S., Kim, B. K., Jeon, B. S., Cha, J. Y., Kim, C. H., and Lee, Y. C.  2003.  Cloning, expression and characterization of a β-agarase gene from a marine bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. SK.38.  Biotechnology Letters  25: 1165-1170.
| Kelmanson, J. E., Jager, A. K., and Staden, J. V.  2000.  Zulu medicinal plants with antibacterial activity.  Journal of Ethnopharmacology  69: 241-246.
| Kleerebezem, M., Beerthuyzen, M. M., Vaughan, E. E., de Vos, W. M., and Kuipers, O. P.  1997a.  Controlled gene expression systems for lactic acid bacteria: Transferable nisin-inducible expression cassettes for Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Lactobacillus spp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63:4581-4584.
| Kleerebezem, M., de Vos, W. M., and Kuipers, O. P.  1999.  The lantibiotics nisin and subtilin act as extracellular regulators of their own biosynthesis. In: Dunny, G. M., Winams, S. C. (eds) Cell–cell signalling in bacteria. pp. 159-174. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., USA ,
| Kleerebezem, M., Quadri, L. E., Kuipers, O. P., and de Vos, W. M.  1997b.  Quorum sensing by peptide pheromones and two-component signal-transduction systems in Gram-positive bacteria.  Molecular Microbiology  24: 895-904.
| Kilara, A., and Shaharni, K. M.  1975.  Lactase activity of cultured and acidified dairy products. Journal of Dairy Science  59: 2031-3035.
| Kirimura, K., Masuda, N., Iwasaki, Y., Nakagawa, H., Kobayashi, R., and Usami, S.  1999.  Purification and characterization of a novel β-agarase from an alkalophilic bacterium, Alteromonas sp. E-1.  Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering  87: 436-441.
| Kobayashi, T., Ito, S., and Horikoshi, K.  2005.  Novel and useful enzymes from deep-sea and deep-subsurface microorganisms.  International Symposium on Extremophiles and Their Application 2005.  Yokosuka, Japan.
| Koebmann, B. J., Nilsson, D., Kuipers, O.P., Jensen, P.R.  2000.  The membrane-bound H(+)-ATPase complex is essential for growth of Lactococcus lactis.  The Journal of Bacteriology  182: 4738-4743.
| Kong, J. Y. 2001. Production and functional properties of agarooligosaccharides.  Proceedings of Symposium on Scientific Study and Industrialization of Health Food, Health Food Society of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.  pp. 60-81.
| Kopp-Hoolihan, L.  2001.  Prophylactic and therapeutic uses of probiotics: A review.  Journal of the American Dietetic Association  101: 229-241.
| Kuda, T., H. Goto, M. Yokoyame, and T. Fujii.  1997.  Effects of edible marine algae on cecal microflora and levels of serum lipid in rats.  Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi  63: 928-933.
| Kuipers, O. P., Beerthuyzen, M. M., de Ruyter, P. G., Luesink, E. J., and de Vos, W. M.  1995.  Autoregulation of nisin biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis by signal transduction.  Journal of Biological Chemistry  270: 27299-27304.
| Kuipers, O. P., Beerthuyzen, M. M., Siezen, R. J., and de Vos, W. M.  1993. Characterization of the nisin gene cluster nisABTCIPR of Lactococcus lactis. Requirement of expression of the nisA and nisI genes for development of immunity.  European Journal of Biochemistry  216: 281-291.
| Kuipers, O. P., de Ruyter, P. G. G. A., Kleerebezem, M., and de Vos, W. M.  1998. Quorum sensing-controlled gene expression in lactic acid bacteria.  The Journal of Bacteriology  64: 15-21.
| Lankaputhra, W. E. V., and Shah, N. P.  1998.  Antimutagenic properties of probiotic bacteria and of organic acids.  Mutation Research  387: 169-182.
| Lee, D.-G., Park, G.-T., Kim, N. Y., Lee, E.-J., Jang, M. K., Shin, Y. G., Park, G.-S., Kom, T.-M., Lee, J.-H., Kim, S.-J., and Lee, S.-H.  2006.  Cloning, expression, and characterization of a glycosid hydrolase family 50-agarase from a marine Agarivorans isolate.  Biotechnology Letters  28: 1925-1932.
| Lee, J. B., K. Hayashi, T. Hayashi, U. Sankawa, and M. Maeda.  1999.  Antiviral activities against HSV-1, HCMV, and HIV-1 of rhamnan sulfate from Monostroma latissimum.  Planta Med.  65(5): 439-441.
| Lee, Y. K., and Salminen, S.  1995.  The coming of age of probiotics.  Trends in Food Science & Technology  6: 241-245
| Leon, O., Quintana, L., Peruzzp, G., and Slebe, J. C.  1992.  Purification and properties of an extracellular agarase from Alteromonas sp. strain C-1.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  58: 4060-4063.
| Li, X., Dong, X., Zhao, C., Chen, Z., and Chen, F.  2003.  Isolation and some properties of cellulose-degrading Vibrio sp. LX-3 with agar-liquefying ability from soil.  World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology  19: 375-379.
| Lidbeck, A., Nord, C. E., Gustafsson, J. A., and Rafter, J.  1992. Lactobacilli, anticarcinogenic activities and human intestinal microflora.  European Journal of Cancer  1: 341-353.
| Lilly, D. M., and Stillwell, R. H.  1965.  Probiotics: Growth promoting factors produced by microorganisms.  Science  147: 747-748.
| Lin, M. Y., and Chang, F. J.  2000.  Antioxidative effect of intestinal bacteria Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15708 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356.  Digestive Disease Sciences  45: 1617-1622.
| Lourens-Hattingh, A., and Viljoen, B. C.  2001.  Yogurt as probiotic carrier food.  International Dairy Journal  11: 1-17.
| Ma, C., Lu, X., Shi, C., Li, J., Gu, Y., Ma, Y., Chu, Y., Han, F., Gong, Q., and Yu, W.  2007.  Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel -agarase, AgaB, from marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. CY24.  Journal of Biological Chemistry  282: 3747-3754.
| Maeshige, S.  1962.  Chemical studies on the green alga, Monostroma nitidum wittrock-I.  Component sugars of the mucilage (part 1).  Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish.  28: 326-334.
| McAnuff, M. A., Omoruyi, F. O., Morrison, E. Y. S. A., and Asemota, H. N.  2002.  Plasmia and liver lipid distributions in sterptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed sapogenin extract of the Jamaican bitter yam (Dioscorea polygonoides).  Nutrition Research  22: 1427-1434.
| Mierau, I., and Kleerebezem, M.  2005a.  10 years of the nisin-controlled gene expression system (NICE) in Lactococcus lactis.  Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology  9: 1-13.
| Morrice, J. M., McLean, M. W., Long, W. F., and Williamson, F. B.  1983a.  Porphyran primary structure. An investigation using β-agarase I from Pseudomonas atlantica and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.  European Journal of Biochemistry.  133: 673-684.
| Morrice, L. M., McLean, M. W., Williamson, F. B., and Long, W. F.  1983b.  β-agarase I and II from Pseudomonas atlantica. Purification and some properties.  European Journal of Biochemistry  135: 553-558.
| Nadathur, S. R., Gould, S. J., and Bakalinsky, A. T.  1995.  Antimutagenicity of an acetone extract of yougurt.  Mutation Research  334: 213-224.
| Norred, E. P., and Voss, K. A.  1994.  Toxicity and role of fumonisins in animal diseases and human esophageal cancer.  Journal of Food Protection  57: 522-527.
| Ohta, Y., Nogi, Y., Miyazaki, M., Li, Z., Hayada, Y., Ito, S., and Horikoshi, K. 2004.  Enzymatic properties and nucleotide and amino acid sequences of a thermostable β-agarase from the novel marine isolate, JAMB-A94.  Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry  68: 1073-1081.
| Ohtani, K. and Murakami, K.  1991.  Structure of mannan fractionated from water-soluble mucilage of nagaimo (Dioscorea batatas Dence).  Agricultural and Biological Chemistry  55: 2413-2414.
| Oliverio, M. I. and Coffman, T. M.  1997.  Angiotensin-II receptors: New targets for antihypertensive therapy.  Clinical Cardiology  20: 3-6.
| Osumi, Y., Kawai, M., Amano, H., and Noda, H.  1998.  Effect of oligosaccharides from prophyran on in vitro digestions, utilizations by various intestinal bacteria, and levels of serum lipids in mice.  Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi  64: 98-104.
| Ouwehand, A. C., Isolauri, E., Kirjavainen, P. V., Tölkkö, S., and Salmined, S. J.  2000.  The mucus binding of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 is enhanced in the presence of Lactobacillus GG and Lactobacillus delbureckii subsp. bulgaricus.  Letters in Applied Microbiology  30: 10-13.
| Pall, R.E., and Chen, N.J.  1988.  Compositional change in yam bean during storage.  Hortscience  23: 194-196.
| Panesar, P., Kennedy, J. F., Gandhi, D. N., and Bunko, K.  2007.  Bioutilisation of whey for lactic acid production.  Food chemistry  105: 1-14.
| Parker, R. B.  1974.  Probiotics, the other half of the antibiotic story. Animal Nutrition and Health  29: 4-8
| Parvez, S., Lee, H. C., Kim, D. S., and Kim, H. Y.  2005.  Bile aslt hydrolase and cholesterol removal effect by Bifidobacterium bifidum NRRL 1976.  World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology  22: 455-459.
| Platteeuw, C., van Alen-Boerrigter, I., van Schalkwijk, S., and de Vos, W. M.  1996.  Food-grade cloning and expression system for Lactococcus lactis.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  62: 1008-1013.
| Potin, P., Richard, C., Rochas, C., and Kloareg, B.  1993.  Pruification and characterization of the agarase from Alteromonas agarlyticus (Cataldi) comb. nov., strain GJ1B.  European Journal of Biochemistry  214: 599-607.
| Pouwels, P. H., Leer, R. J., Shaw, M., Bakglashouwer, M. J. H., Tielen, F. D., and Smit, E.  1998.  Lactic acid bacteria as antigen delivery vehicles for oral immunization purposes.  International Journal of Food Microbiology  41: 155-167.
| Prema, P., Devi, K.S. and Kurup, P.A.  1978.  Effect of purified starch from common Indian edible tubers on lipid metabolism in rats fed atherogenic diet.  Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics  15: 423-425.
| Renner, H. W., and Munzner, R.  1991.  The possible role of probiotics as dietary antimutagens.  Mutation Research  262: 239-245.
| Rowland, I.  2004.  Probiotics and colorectal cancer risk.  The British Journal of Nutrition  91: 805-807.
| Saikali, J., Picard, V., Freitas, M., and Holt, P.  2004.  Fermented milks, probiotic cultures, and colon cancer.  Nutrition Cancer  49: 14-24.
| Sambrook, J., and Russell, D. W.  2006.  The Condensed Protocol from Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. pp. 58-59, 177, 188-192, 243, 718-725, 730, 758-760. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| Sanders, M. E., Walker, D. C., Walker, K. M., Aoyama, K., and Klaenhammer, T. R.  1996.  Performance of commercial cultures in fluid milk applications.  Journal of Dairy Science  79: 943-955.
| Schroeder, D. C., Jaffer, M. A., and Coyne, V. C.  2003.  Investigation of the role of a (1-4) agarase produced by Psedoalteromonas gracilis Bp in eliciting disease symptoms in the red alga Gracilaria gracilis.  Microbiology  149: 2919-2929.
| Shalev E., Battino, S., Weiner, E., Colodner, R., and Keness, Y.  1996.  Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus compared with pasteurized yogurt as a prophylaxis for recurrent candida vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis.  Archives of Family Medicine  5: 593-596.
| Simões-Barbosa, A., Abreu, H., Silva Neto, A., Gruss, A., and Langella, P.  2004.  A food-grade delivery system for Lactococcus lactis and evaluation of inducible gene expression.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  65: 61-67.
| Singh, T.  1992.  Agar and Agar Production. pp. 1-25. INFOFISH, Kuala Lumpur.
| Stedman, T. L.  1982.  Stedman’s Medical Dictionary. 24th ed. p. 30. Williams and Awaikins, London.
| Stiles, M. E., and Holzapfel, W. H.  1997.  Lactic acid bacteria of foods and their current taxonomy.  International Journal of Food Microbiology  36: 1-29
| Sugano, Y., Matsumoto, T., Kodama, H., and Noma, M.  1993b.  Cloning and sequencing of agaA, a unique agarase 0107 gene from a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain JT0107.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  59: 3750-3756.
| Sugano, Y., Terada, I., Arita, M., Noma, M., and Matsumoto, T.  1993a.  Purification and characterization of a new agarase from a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain JT0107.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  59: 1549-1554.
| Sugimura, T.  1982.  Mutagens, carcinogens, and tumour promoters in our dairy food.  Cancer  49: 1970-1983.
| Sugimoto, Y., Yamamoto, M., and Abe, K.  1987.  Developmental change in starch properties of Chinese yam.  Journal of Japonica Scial Strach Science.  34: 11-20.
| Suzuki, H., Sawai, Y., Suzuki, T., and Kawai, K.  2003.  Purification and characterization of an extracellular β-agarase from Bacillus sp. MK03.  Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering  95: 328-334.
| Swartz, M. N. and Gordon, N.  1959.  Agarase from an agar-digesting bacterium.  The Journal of Bacteriology  77: 403-409.
| Thyagaraja, N., and Hosono, A.  1993.  Antimutagenicity of lactic acid bacteria from “Idly” againat food-related mutages.  Journal of Food Protection  56:1601-1066.
| Tomoda, M., Ishikawa, K. and Yokoi, M.  1981.  Isolation and characterization of a mucilage, “Dioscorea-mucilage B”, from the rhizophores of Dioscorea batatas.  Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin  29: 3526-3261.
| Tsukamoto, T., Yeno, Y., and Ohta, Z.  1936.  Glycosides of Dioscorea tokoro I. Diocin, dioscoreasapooxin and diosgenin.  Journal of Pharmaceutical Society of Japen  56: 135
| Twomey, D., Ross, R. P., Ryan, M., Meaney, B., and Hill, C.  2002.  Lantibiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria:  Structure, function and applications.  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek  82: 165-185.
| van Asseldonk, M., de Vos, W. M., Simons, G.  1993.  Functional analysis of the Lactococcus lactis usp45 secretion signal in the secretion of a homologous proteinase and a heterologous alphaamylase.  Molecular and General Genetics  240: 428-434.
| van den Ent F., and Lowe, J.  2006.  RF cloning: A restriction-free method for inserting target genes into plasmids.  Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods  67: 67-74.
| van Kraaij, C., de Vos, W. M., Siezen, R. J., and Kuipers, O. P.  1999.  Lantibiotics: biosynthesis, mode of action and applications.  Natural Product Reports  16: 575-587.
| Velletri, P. A., Billingsley, M. L., and Lovenberg, W.  1985.  Thermal denaturation of rat pulmonary and tesicular angiotensin-converting enzyme isozymes effects of chelators and CoCl2.  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta  839: 71-82.
| Vera, J., Alvarez, R., Murano, E., Slebe J. C., and Leon, O.  1998.  Identification of a marine agarolytic Pseudoalteromonas isolate and characterization of its extracellular agarase.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  64: 4378-4383.
| Walsh, P. M., and McKay, L. L.  1981.  Recombinant plasmid associated with cell aggregation and high-frequency conjugation of Streptococcus lactis ML3.  The Journal of Bacteriology  146: 937-944.
| Wanasundera, J. P .D., and Ravindran, G.  1994.  Nutritional assessment of yam (Dioscorea alata) tubers.  Plant Foods Human Nutrition  46: 33-39.
| Wang, J., Mou, H., Jiang, X., and Guan, H.  2006.  Characterization of a novel -agarase from marine Alteromonas sp. SY37-12 and its degrading products.  Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology  71: 831-839.
| Wells, J. M., and Le Page, R. W. F.  1993.  Improved cloning vectors and transformation procedure for Lactococcus lactis.  Journal of Applied Bacteriology  74: 629-636.
| Wisselink, H. W., Weusthuis, R. A., Eggink, G., Hugenholtz, J., and Grobben, G. J.  2002.  Mannitol production by lactic acid bacteria: A review.  International Dairy Journal  12: 151-161.
| Wollowski, I., Rechkemmer, G., and Pool-Zobel, B. L.  2001.  Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer. American Journal of  Clinical Nutrition  73: 451-455.
| Yamaura, I., Matsumoto, T., Funatsu, M., Shigeiri, H., and Shibata, T.  1991.  Purification and properties of agarase from Pseudomonas sp. PT-5.  Agricultural and Biological Chemistry  55: 2531-2536.
| Yang, D. J., Lu, T. J. and Hwang, L. S.  2003.  Isolation and identification of the steroidal saponins in Taiwanese yam cultivar (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto).  Journal Agriculture and Food Chemistry  51: 6438-6444.
| Yoshizawa, Y., Tsunehiro, J., Nomura, K., Itoh, M., Fukui, F., Ametani, A., and Kaminogawa, S.  1996.  In vivo macrophage-stimulation activity of the enzyme-degraded water-soluble polysaccharide fraction from a marine alga (Gracilaria verrucosa).  Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry  60: 1667-1671.
| Young, K. S., Battacharjee, S. S., and Yaphe, W.  1978.  Enzymic cleavage of the -linkages in agarose, to yield agaro-oligosaccharides.  Carbohydrate Research  66: 207-212.
| Yuan, H., Song. J., Li. X., Li. N., and Dai. J.  2006.  Immunomodulation and antitumor activity of k-carrageenan oligosaccharides.  Cancer Letter  243: 228-234.
| Zhang, W. W., and Sun, L.  2007.  Cloning, characterization, and molecular application of a beta-agarase gene from Vibrio sp. strain V134.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology  73: 2825-2831.
| Zhang, X. B., and Ohta, Y.  1991.  Binding of mutagens by fractions of the wall skeleton of lactic acid bacteria on mutagens.  Journal of Dairy Science  74: 1477-1481.
| Zhao, G., Kan, J., and Chen, Z.  2005.  Structure features and immunological activity in a polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposite Thunb riits.  Carbohydrate Research  61: 125-131.
|

|

預覽及輸出檢索結果

記錄

欄位

| 本頁 1 筆
| 記錄 3 至 36
| 選擇之記錄

| 標題
| 全部欄位
| selected fields new window
| APA Style
| Chicago Style
| MLA Style
| CNS-13611 Style
| EndNote Style

e-mail 地址 | : |
e-mail 標題 | : |

| | |

系統規劃：海洋大學圖書館
系統製作：飛資得資訊有限公司

2010 年 9 月 26 日 22:48