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詳目顯示區塊

第 23 筆
| (以作者名查詢海洋大學圖書館館藏系統)
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論文名稱: | 白黎蘆醇做為預防心血管疾病健康補充品之發展
| Advances of Resveratrol as a Health Supplement in Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
研究生: | 司徒世瑄 Shih-Hsuan Szu-Tu
指導教授: | 潘崇良 Chorng-Liang Pan
學位類別: | 碩士
學校名稱: | 國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱: | 食品科學系
學號: | T91420004
畢業學年度: | 93
語文別: | 中文
| 中文
關鍵字: | 白黎蘆醇 resveratrol
| 心血管疾病 cardiovascular disease
全文點閱次數: | 25

全文影像連結:

論文全文(pdf)

論文頁數: | 136
摘要: | 摘  要
|
| 白黎蘆醇 (Resveratrol: 3,4¢,5-Trihydroxystilbene; 3,4',5-三羥基二苯乙烯) 由 Langcake 及 Pryce 於1976年於葡萄 (Vitis vinifera) 的葡萄藤部位發現，是一種植物防禦素及多酚化合物，亦存在於其他植物中。白黎蘆醇及其衍生物的生理活性可預防心血管疾病的發生，且效益會隨著羥基的個數及位置不同而異，對位羥基比鄰位羥基有較佳的自由基清除力。
| Jang et al. (1999) 實驗指出在抗氧化效應中，白黎蘆醇濃度100 mM即可抑制人類單核細胞及嗜中性白血球間產生的活性氧物種 (Reactive oxygen species, ROS)，抑制率分別為90 ± 0.5及93 ± 0.2%；Stojanović et al. (2001) 的實驗顯示白黎蘆醇 1 mM 可抑制經 g-ray照射蛋黃脂質體引發的脂質過氧化約96%；白黎蘆醇對α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 自由基捕捉能力的半數致效應濃度 (Effective Concentration 50%, EC50) 為24.5 ± 1.5 mM，1 mM的濃度對豬血小板中產生超氧陰離子自由基 (Superoxide anion radical, O2¬─•) 的抑制率大於40%；白黎蘆醇10 mM 可明顯抑制大鼠在心肌缺血-再灌流 (Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion) 過程中因產生大量氧自由基使脂質過氧化生成丙二醛 (Malondialdehyde, MDA) 的含量；白黎蘆醇2 mM可抑制30% 豬血小板中硫巴比妥酸反應基質 (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) 的產生及20% 的共軛雙烯類 (Conjugated dienes) 產生。 Fauconneau et al. (1997) 指出白黎蘆醇及其衍生物亦可抑制人類低密度脂蛋白 (Low density
| lipoprotein, LDL) 的脂質過氧化，抑制由Cu2+ 誘導的LDL氧化的EC50為 2.6 ± 0.3 µM，且白黎蘆醇做為抗氧化劑增加LDL 氧化延滯期50% 的時間所需的濃度為 0.430 ± 0.010 µM。
| 白黎蘆醇對血小板凝集的抑制效應中發現，可抑制由花生酸類 (Eicosanoids) 及腺苷二磷酸 (Adenosine diphosphate, ADP) 所誘導的人類血小板凝集，對抑制人類血小板中凝血酶 (Thrombin) 刺激所引起鈣離子匯集的半數有效抑制濃度 (Inhibitory Concentration 50%, IC50) 為0.5 mM。白黎蘆醇具有可調控血管平滑肌細胞黏附及增生效應，並使血管舒張；可抑制因發炎性細胞激素如腫瘤壞死因子 (Tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 或白介素 (Interleukin-1β, IL-1β) 刺激血管內膜引發的發炎反應。上述效應皆利於減少人類動脈硬化的產生，可降低心血管疾病的發生率。
| Kuhnle et al. (2000) 實驗指出在動物體內白黎蘆醇的4’-Hydroxyl 基是優先進行葡萄糖醛酸化作用 (Glucuronidation) 的位置，且在人類血清中多以葡萄糖醛酸苷接合物 (Glucuronide conjugates) 及硫酸鹽接合物 (Sulfate conjugates) 形式存在。Crowell et al. (2004) 指出白黎蘆醇在動物體內的安全性實驗中，投予大鼠劑量 0-1,000 mg/kg/day 白黎蘆醇28 天後的試驗結果顯示對大鼠肝臟及腎臟皆未產生有害效應。本研究目的在暸解及探討白黎蘆醇對預防心血管疾病產生因子的生理活性、安全評估試驗與在動物體內的吸收及代謝效應，建議白黎蘆醇可被應用在心血管疾病的預防性健康食品中，在日常飲食中可適量攝取含有較高白黎蘆醇含量的植物性食品和紅葡萄酒等食品。在對肝臟及腎臟無負擔的劑量下，可以有益於心血管疾病發生的預防。
|
論文目次: | 目  錄
|
| 謝誌......................................................................................................        i
| 中文摘要…………………………………………………..................        ii
| 英文摘要…………………………………………………..................        iv
| 目錄......................................................................................................    vii
| 表目錄…………………………………………………………….….        xii
| 圖目錄……………………………………………………..................        xiii
| 壹、前言 ………………………………….……….....………….….    1
| 貳、白黎蘆醇的種類結構及來源含量…………….....…………….        2
| 一、種類與結構…………………………………………………..        2
| 二、來源與含量…………………………………………………..        2
| (一) 從植物中的來源及含量…………………………………        2
| (二) 在葡萄酒中的含量………………………………………        3
| (三) 檢測方法…………………………………………………    5
| 參、影響白黎蘆醇含量的因素……………………………...............        5
| 一、葡萄的種類………………………………………………..…        5
| 二、人工法誘發合成…………………………………………..…        6
| 三、栽培的方法……………........………………………………..        6
| 四、酵母的使用……………........………………………………..        6
| 五、發酵前處理技術操作…........………………………………..        7
| 六、儲存的方式……………........………………………………..        7
| 七、利用基因改造法………........………………………………..        8
| 肆、健康食品的定義及發展背景…………………………...............        8
| ㄧ、健康食品定義…………........………………………………..        9
| 二、健康食品發展要點……........………………………………..        9
| 伍、心血管疾病的定義及種類……………………………...............        9
| ㄧ、心血管系統的功能........………………………...…………...        9
| 二、心血管疾病的定義及種類......………………..……………..        10
| 陸、心血管疾病的致病因子及風險評估…………………...............        10
| 一、氧化壓力…………………………………………………..…        10
| 二、血漿脂質的影響…………………………………………..…        11
| (一) 血漿脂質的種類及特性…………………………………        11
| (二) 血脂蛋白的種類特性及代謝……………………………        11
| (三) 血脂蛋白對血管的影響…………………………………    12
| (四) 高血脂症的分類………….………………………………    12
| 三、動脈粥樣硬化的形成……...……………………………..…..        13
| (一) 血管內皮損傷……………………………………………        14
| (二) 血管平滑肌細胞增生……………………………………        14
| (三) 泡沫細胞滲入血管內膜…………………………………    14
| (四) 血小板凝集與血管栓塞….………………………………    14
| (五) 免疫系統及發炎作用……………………………………        15
| (六) 遺傳的影響………………………………………………        15
| 四、心血管疾病的風險評估法……...……………………..……..        16
| (一) 血脂蛋白含量評估………………………………………        16
| (二) C-反應蛋白含量評估……………………………….……        16
| 柒、白黎蘆醇對心血管疾病致病因子的效應………………………    17
| 一、抗氧化效應…………………………………………………..        17
| (一) 清除自由基的效應………………………………………        18
| (二) 抑制脂質過氧化的效應…………………………….……    19
| 二、提升體內抗氧化系統的作用………………………………..        22
| (一) 人體內的抗氧化系統………………………………….…    22
| (二) 白黎蘆醇提升抗氧化系統的效應………………….……    22
| 三、抑制LDL氧化及提升HDL合成量的作用………………..        24
| (一) 抗氧化劑抑制LDL氧化的機制……………..…………        24
| (二) 白黎蘆醇抑制LDL氧化作用及提升HDL含量的效應..    25
| 四、抗凝血作用…………………………………………………..        27
| (一) 凝血機制及因子…………………………………………        27
| (二) 抗凝血的機制及方法……………………………….……    28
| (三) 白黎蘆醇的抗凝血效應…………………………….……    28
| 五、調控血管平滑肌細胞的作用………………………………..        31
| (一) 血管內皮功能與動脈粥狀硬化的關係……….…………    31
| (二) 白黎蘆醇抑制血管平滑肌細胞增生的效應……….……    31
| (三) 白黎蘆醇抑制血管平滑肌細胞黏附的效應……….……    33
| (四) 白黎蘆醇對血管平滑肌的舒張效應……………….……    34
| 六、抗發炎作用…………………………………………………..        34
| (一) 發炎反應與動脈粥樣硬化的關係……………………….    34
| (二) 白黎蘆醇抑制發炎反應的效應…………………….……    35
| 七、抗菌作用……………………………………………………..        38
| (一) 白黎蘆醇防禦環境改變的抗菌能力……………………        38
| (二) 白黎蘆醇在動脈粥瘤中的抗菌能力……………….……    38
| 八、白黎蘆醇用於荷爾蒙代療法的功能………………………..        39
| (一) 荷爾蒙代療法的定義及原因…………………………….    39
| (二) 植物雌激素可做為動物荷爾蒙代療法的原因…….……    40
| (三) 白黎蘆醇用於荷爾蒙代療法的效應……………….……    40
| 九、保護心肌缺血-再灌流損傷之作用……………………..…...    41
| (一) 心肌缺血的定義………………………………………….    41
| (二) 心肌缺血之機制…………………………………….……    41
| (三) 自由基與心肌缺血-再灌流損傷損傷的關係……….…...    42
| (四) 白黎蘆醇保護心肌缺血-再灌流損傷之效應……….…...    42
| 捌、白黎蘆醇在動物體內的轉換途徑與效應…………………….        44
| 一、肝臟的解毒過程……………………………………………..        44
| 二、白黎蘆醇在肝臟中代謝的途徑……………………………..        45
| 玖、白黎蘆醇的有效利用性評估………………………………….        45
| 一、白黎蘆醇在動物體內的吸收效應…………………………..        46
| 二、白黎蘆醇在動物體內的移行分布及形式…………………..        47
| 三、白黎蘆醇在動物體內的代謝效應…………………………..        48
| 拾、白黎蘆醇的安全性評估……………………………………….        50
| 一、健康食品安全性評估內容及方法…………………………..        50
| (一) 安全性評估內容……………………………………….…    50
| (二) 安全性評估方法…………………………………….……    50
| 二、白黎蘆醇的安全性評估法………….....……………………..        51
| (一) 白黎蘆醇在動物體內的基因毒性分析……………….…    51
| (二) 白黎蘆醇的28天餵食毒性試驗……………….……..…    53
| 拾壹 、結論與建議……………………...……………………….…    54
| 一、白黎蘆醇存於天然植物中……………..………………..…..        54
| (一) 結論………………………………………………………        54
| (二) 建議………………………………..…………….……..…    54
| 二、白黎蘆醇具抗氧化作用……………………………..…..…..        55
| (一) 結論……………………………………………………….    55
| (二) 建議………………………………..…………….……..…    55
| 三、白黎蘆醇具有調控血脂蛋白的作用…………………..…....        55
| (一) 結論…………………………………………………….…    55
| (二) 建議………………………………..…………….……..…    55
| 四、白黎蘆醇具有調控血小板活性的作用……………………..        56
| (一) 結論…………………………………………………….…    56
| (二) 建議………………………………..…………….……..…    56
| 五、白黎蘆醇具有調控血管平滑肌細胞的作用……….…….…        56
| (一) 結論…………………………………………………….…    56
| (二) 建議………………………………..…………….……..…    56
| 六、白黎蘆醇可抑制血管內皮細胞發炎…………………....…..        57
| (一) 結論……………………………………………………….    57
| (二) 建議………………………………..…………….……..…    57
| 七、白黎蘆醇在體內可有效吸收及利用……..……………..…..    57
| (一) 結論……………………………………………………….    57
| (二) 建議………………………………..…………….……..…    57
| 八、白黎蘆醇在體內具安全性………………..……………...…..    57
| (一) 結論…………………………………………………….…    58
| (二) 建議………………………………..…………….……..…    58
| 拾貳、參考文獻………………………………………………………    59
|
| 表目錄
|
| 表一、  白黎蘆醇的植物來源及含量...............................................        82
| 表二、  白黎蘆醇的葡萄酒來源及含量….......................................        83
| 表三、  白黎蘆醇及其衍生物在結構上的差異與抗氧化活性
| 比較.......................................................................................        85
| 表四、  白黎蘆醇及其衍生物對自由基的捕捉能力........................    87
| 表五、  白黎蘆醇及其衍生物對脂質過氧化的抑制效應………...        89
| 表六、  白黎蘆醇及其衍生物對低密度脂蛋白 (LDL) 氧化的
| 抑制效應...............................................................................        91
| 表七、  白黎蘆醇對血小板凝集的抑制效應……………..……….    93
| 表八、  白黎蘆醇對血管平滑肌細胞增生及黏附的抑制效應…...        94
| 表九、  白黎蘆醇對血管平滑肌細胞舒張的效應…………….…..        95
| 表十、  白黎蘆醇對發炎的抑制效應……………………………...        96
| 表十一、白黎蘆醇對心肌缺血-再灌流損傷的保護效應…………..        97
| 表十二、白黎蘆醇在動物體內的吸收效應…………………...….…    98
| 表十三、白黎蘆醇在動物體內的代謝效應…………………………    100
| 表十四、白黎蘆醇的安全性評估 (基因毒性試驗)………...............    101
| 表十五、白黎蘆醇的安全性評估 (28天餵食毒性試驗)………..…    102
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 圖目錄
|
| 圖一、  白黎蘆醇的化學結構...........................................................        103
| 圖二、  自苯丙胺酸的白黎蘆醇生合成途徑...................................        104
| 圖三、  Perlette 及 Thompson Seedless 葡萄果實暴露在臭氧
| 、紫外線照射及真菌接種下對白黎蘆醇形成量的效應...        105
| 圖四、  紅酒釀造過程中以不同發酵前處理 Sangiovese 葡萄
| 產生酚類化合物的含量.......................................................    106
| 圖五、  冠狀動脈形成粥樣硬化的過程…………………………...        107
| 圖六、  動脈粥瘤形成的病理機制...................................................        108
| 圖七、  白黎蘆醇及維生素C 對豬血小板中超氧陰離子
| 的抑制效應…..…………………………………………….    109
| 圖八、  白黎蘆醇、Trolox 及 a-Tocopherol 對磷脂質
| 脂質體的氧化抑制效應………………………………..….        110
| 圖九、  白黎蘆醇對 Hepatoma-bearing 大鼠之血清膽固醇
| 及致動脈粥樣硬化指數的效應…………………………...        111
| 圖十、  白黎蘆醇對Hepatoma-bearing大鼠糞便中固醇類
| 排泄量的效應……………………………………………...        112
| 圖十一、白黎蘆醇對血小板黏附血纖維蛋白原的抑制作用……...        113
| 圖十二、白黎蘆醇對心肌缺血-再灌流的大鼠產生之丙二醛
| 的抑制作用…………………………………………...……        114
| 圖十三、白黎蘆醇25 mg經由不同模式投予人類後在血清
| 中的含量……………………………………………………    115
| 圖十四、白黎蘆醇25 mg經由不同模式投予人類後在血清
| 中的游離態含量…………………………………………...        116
| 圖十五、經口投14C-trans-白黎蘆醇後的小鼠全身自動放射
| 影像表現…………………………………………………...        117
| 圖十六、白黎蘆醇在人類肝臟中的葡萄糖醛酸化作用…………...        118
| 圖十七、以白黎蘆醇灌流分離大鼠空腸 90 分鐘後於漿膜液體
| 上的白黎蘆醇及其葡萄糖醛酸苷累積含量…………...…        119
| 圖十八、經由肝臟代謝形成的白黎蘆醇及其結合物之結構……...        120
|
參考文獻: | 參考文獻
| 丁孝弘、陳鳳山、陳懷遠。1995。心臟的功能。第一版。緯輝電子出版公司。香港。
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2010 年 3 月 8 日 23:01